Abstract: Zeolite catalysts and systems and methods for preparing and using zeolite catalysts having the CHA crystal structure are disclosed. The catalysts can be used to remove nitrogen oxides from a gaseous medium across a broad temperature range and exhibit hydrothermal stability at high-reaction temperatures. The zeolite catalysts include a zeolite carrier having a silica-to-alumina ratio from about 15:1 to about 256:1 and a copper to alumina ratio from about 0.25:1 to about 1:1.

Abstract: A thermally insulated window system for use in windows and doors which provides a thermally insulated frame and means for completely insulating the area of the frame. Novel panel sections are used to form the frame, as well as vents for a portion of the frame, and shutters which completely cover the area of a double panel window section. The novel panels contain a thermal break and a structurally sound construction filled and monolithically sealed with closed-cell foamed polymeric material.

Abstract: A thermally insulated panel comprises a pair of spaced facing channels, preferably of metal, which are fixed together in a structurally secure manner by use of a serrated rigid plastic sheet disposed therebetween and by a closed-cell foamed polymeric material which fills the voids between the rigid sheet and the channels. The channels are bound together and the spacing between them is sealed by means on the rigid plastic sheet which, in addition to securing the channels together, is permanently and monolithically sealed in place by the closed-cell foamed polymeric material. A thermal break is formed to prevent loss of heat across the shell of the panel.