Abstract: Disclosed is a method of making sporting surfaces, particularly animal racing surfaces such as horse racing tracks, comprising mixing a polysiloxane polymer or polymers with a mixture of solid materials. This invention overcomes many of the problems associated with prior art surfaces, and can be used to modify or repair such prior art surfaces, or can be incorporated into newly manufactured surfaces to greatly enhance their physical properties. The invention imparts highly desirable physical characteristics to manufactured sporting surfaces, extends the temperature range throughout which these surfaces can be used, and provides a more consistent, reliable and long lasting surface.

Abstract: Disclosed is a new attractant composition for yellowjacket wasps, which contains certain esters of butyric acid known to be attractive to yellowjackets, such as heptyl butyrate, octyl butyrate, or other esters of butyric acid, in combination with certain plant volatiles (kairomones), including trans-2-hexenol and methyl salicylate, said kairomones being used in combination with said esters of butyric acid to achieve an enhanced or synergistic attractiveness to yellowjackets. The new attractant composition is significantly more attractive to yellowjackets than the known attractant esters heptyl butyrate and octyl butyrate when used either singly or together.

Abstract: A trap is provided particularly for yellowjacket wasps. The trap includes an outer enclosure with a funnel therein dividing the enclosure into a first chamber and a second chamber. A tip of the funnel has an opening which allows yellowjackets to pass from the first chamber to a second chamber, where the yellowjackets become trapped. The enclosure includes legs which allow the trap to rest upon an underlying surface. Entry holes extend into the first chamber. These entry holes are at least partially visible from a side of the trap. A top cap preferably forms a portion of the second chamber and can be removably replaced so that trapped yellowjackets can be dumped and the trap reused. An attractant is provided within a cartridge which is removably attached through a port in the enclosure, so that the cartridge can be replaced when original attractant is depleted.