Abstract: A volumetric detection system (or leak tester) is disclosed herein. While the system can have any suitable feature, in some cases, it includes a displacement mechanism (such as a programmable stepper motor), a controllable element (such as a piston) that is coupled to the displacement mechanism, a containment chamber that receives a portion of the controllable element, a sensing unit (or sensor) that is configured to measure a backpressure from a device that is being tested, a computational unit (or processor) that is configured to determine a placement of the controllable element within the chamber, and a coupler (or attachment mechanism) that is configured to couple to the device that is to be tested. In some cases, the system functions without being coupled to a compressed air source. Other implementations are described.

Abstract: Error control, in the form of a modulo 2 division remainder checksum is added to a packet of reformatted asynchronous characters prior to transmission over a data link connecting two data devices such as a host computer and a teletype terminal. At one end of the link, data in asynchronous form, such as ASCII code, comprising seven data bits, start and stop bits, and a parity bit, is originated by one data device. The start, stop and parity bits of each character are eliminated. The remaining data bits for a selected number of characters are then grouped together to form a data grouping and the checksum and other control information bits added, forming an information packet. The information packet is then divided into sections or groups of eight bits. Start and stop bits are added to each group, forming ten bit characters. The ten bit characters are then transmitted over the data link in standard asynchronous format.

Abstract: A novel reactor configuration is described for the conversion of wet-process phosphoric acid and anhydrous ammonia into an ammonium polyphosphate product having a high proportion of the total P.sub.2 O.sub.5 in the polyphosphate form. This novel reaction system, includes a first reaction stage comprising a jacketed free floating reaction tube having an inlet end which terminates inside the jacket and a second reaction stage comprising a vertically oriented reaction chamber equipped with an internal heat exchange coil and a sparger for injection of ammonia. A portion of the reactant ammonia which has been preheated in the heat exchange coil of the second reaction stage is injected into the first reaction stage via an injection tube which extends through the jacket into the inlet end of the reaction tube, said injection tube being sized to leave an annular space for fluid communication between the reactor tube and the jacket.

Abstract: A process is described for the production of ammonium polyphosphate employing a novel reactor configuration and reaction technique to convert wet-process phosphoric acid having a low polyphosphate content and anhydrous ammonia into an ammonium polyphosphate product having a high proportion of the total P.sub.2 O.sub.5 in the polyphosphate form while minimizing operational problems such as scale build up on the reactor walls and subsequent conversion of the polyphosphate formed to orthophosphate.