Abstract: A system and method are provided for compressing data utilizing multiple encoders on a single integrated circuit. Initially, data is received in a single integrated circuit. The data is then encoded utilizing a plurality of encoders incorporated on the single integrated circuit. Another single module system and method are provided for compressing data. In use, photons are received utilizing a single module. Thereafter, compressed data representative of the photons is outputted utilizing the single module.

Abstract: Spacecraft network and communication method thereof. A spacecraft network includes a first server spacecraft disposed in a first server orbit, a first client spacecraft disposed in a first client orbit, and a wireless local area network formed between at least the first server spacecraft and the first client spacecraft. The wireless local area network includes at least one communication channel to transmit and receive spatial information, at least one receiver to receive a first communication signal including at least routing information, at least one routing system to determine a desired route, and one transmitter to transmit the first communication signal. The first client spacecraft is free from the at least one routing system, and the first server spacecraft includes one of the at least one routing system.

Abstract: A coder and/or decoder system and method are provided including a variable modulus. As an option, the modulus may reflect a steepness of a probability distribution curve associated with a compression algorithm (i.e. a negative exponential of the probability distribution). Moreover, the modulus may depend on a context of a previous set of data, while avoiding increasing as a function of a run length (i.e. a plurality of identical bits in a sequence).

Abstract: A system and method are provided for compressing data. In use, luminescence data of a frame is updated at a first predetermined rate, while chrominance data of the frame is updated at a second predetermined rate that is less than the first predetermined rate. Moreover, pause information may be inserted with the compressed data, where the pause information may be used when the video data is paused during the playback thereof to increase the quality of a still frame.

Abstract: A system, method and computer program product are provided for processing exceptions. Initially, computational operations are processed in a loop. Moreover, exceptions are identified and stored while processing the computational operations. Such exceptions are then processed separate from the loop.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for compressing data utilizing multiple encoders on a single integrated circuit. Initially, data is received in a single integrated circuit. The data is then encoded utilizing a plurality of encoders incorporated on the single integrated circuit. Another single module system and method are provided for compressing data. In use, photons are received utilizing a single module. Thereafter, compressed data representative of the photons is outputted utilizing the single module.

Abstract: A system, method and computer program product are provided for compressing data. Initially, an interpolation formula is received. Such interpolation formula is utilized for compressing data. In use, it is determined whether at least one data value is required by the interpolation formula, where the required data value is unavailable. If such is the case, an extrapolation operation is performed to generate the required unavailable data value.

Abstract: An entropy efficient video coder for wavelet pyramids approaches the entropy-limited coding rate of video wavelet pyramids, is fast in both hardware and software implementations, and has low complexity (no multiplies) for use in ASICs. It uses a modified Z-coder to code the zero/non-zero significance function and Huffman coding for the non-zero coefficients themselves. The encoding unit includes a significance function generator that receives coefficients and outputs a single significance bit. A zero coefficient eliminator receives coefficients in parallel with the significance function generator and outputs coefficients if non-zero. Output from the significance function generator is coded using the modified Z-coder. Output from the zero coefficient eliminator is coded using Huffman coding. Both outputs are combined to form the resulting compressed stream.

Abstract: A technique for compressing video images uses temporary compression of blocks during compression, integrated color rotation of compressed images, direct compression of a composite video signal, and border filters to allow blocks to be compressed independently. Temporary compression reduces storage needed in an integrated circuit. An incoming frame is compressed block-by-block and placed in temporary storage. A corresponding block of a later frame is also compressed. Both blocks are decoded back into the transform domain and the two blocks are compared in the transform domain. Color rotation on compressed color information is integrated with overall compression and is performed upon the chrominance transform pyramids after transformation of the video signal rather than performing a rotation on the raw signal itself. Color rotation is performed at any stage and uses serial multiplication (shift and add) for more efficient processing, rather than using parallel multiplication.

Abstract: A short range inductively coupled wireless communication system employs analog frequency modulation of a high frequency carrier and magnetic coupling between a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna. A transmitter coupled to the transmitting antenna modulates multiple high-fidelity analog audio signals and digital control messages onto separate high frequency (“HF”) carriers. The electric field portion of the transmitted electromagnetic field is substantially eliminated during transmission, while the magnetic field portion is substantially unaffected. The receiving antenna is coupled to a demodulator which reproduces the audio frequency signals and decodes control messages sent by the transmitter.

Abstract: A technique for compressing video images uses temporary compression of blocks during compression, integrated color rotation of compressed images, direct compression of a composite video signal, and border filters to allow blocks to be compressed independently. Temporary compression reduces storage needed in an integrated circuit. An incoming frame is compressed block-by-block and placed in temporary storage. A corresponding block of a later frame is also compressed. Both blocks are decoded back into the transform domain and the two blocks are compared in the transform domain. Color rotation on compressed color information is integrated with overall compression and is performed upon the chrominance transform pyramids after transformation of the video signal rather than performing a rotation on the raw signal itself. Color rotation is performed at any stage and uses serial multiplication (shift and add) for more efficient processing, rather than using parallel multiplication.

Abstract: A motion wavelet transform zero tree codec achieves high compression and is implemented in hardware of modest size and at very low cost. A wavelet transform is combined with a tree walk technique for encoding the resulting wavelet coefficients. A 2-6 wavelet transform is used. Wavelet coefficients from the transform are represented in a pyramid of wavelet coefficients. An array of zero trees are formed from the pyramid to hold the wavelet coefficients, one coefficient to each node. Significance values for each node are calculated to assist with the tree walk and encoding. Each zero tree is traversed to produce an output of encoded bits. Encoded bits are output directly during the tree walk.

Abstract: A technique for compressing video images uses temporary compression of blocks during compression, integrated color rotation of compressed images, direct compression of a composite video signal, and border filters to allow blocks to be compressed independently. Temporary compression reduces storage needed in an integrated circuit. An incoming frame is compressed block-by-block and placed in temporary storage. A corresponding block of a later frame is also compressed. Both blocks are decoded back into the transform domain and the two blocks are compared in the transform domain. Color rotation on compressed color information is integrated with overall compression and is performed upon the chrominance transform pyramids after transformation of the video signal rather than performing a rotation on the raw signal itself. Color rotation is performed at any stage and uses serial multiplication (shift and add) for more efficient processing, rather than using parallel multiplication.

Abstract: A technique for compression and expansion of a function defined upon an M-dimensional manifold embedded in N-dimensional space uses a second generation wavelet transform and a modified zerotree bit-encoding scheme. Typically, a function is defined upon a two-dimensional manifold embedded in three-dimensional space, such as a sphere. A geometric base is chosen as a coarse initial model of the manifold. Second generation wavelets for the function are calculated using a triangular subdivision scheme in order to subdivide the geometric base in order to produce a refined triangular mesh. The wavelet coefficients are defined at the vertices of the triangles in the triangular mesh. A tree structure is created in which each node of the tree structure represents an associated triangle of the triangular mesh. Each triangle in the mesh is recursively subdivided into four subtriangles and each associated node in the tree structure also has four children, which correspond to the four subtriangles.

Abstract: A seeker device, such as a seeker head, includes a housing for both a first optical assembly and a second optical assembly. In the preferred embodiment, the first optical assembly is an infrared telescope having a fixed, relatively narrow field of view for receiving incoming energy via a first path through an optical opening through the housing. The second optical assembly may be a pivotable mirror that is pivoted to provide a wide field of regard. The incoming energy that impinges the pivotable mirror enters through a second path through the optical opening. The energy from the pivotable mirror is redirected into the infrared telescope. In the preferred embodiment, the redirection is achieved by a dichroic mirror that has a high transmissivity with respect to long wave infrared energy and a high reflectivity with respect to mid wave infrared energy.

Abstract: An emulating data processor includes a host system and an emulating processor with outputs to and inputs from the host system. The emulating processor executes sequences of instructions executable by a PC being emulated, but a host processor independently executes sequences of its instructions which are different from PC instructions. Circuitry monitors the emulating processor outputs and provides information to the host system so that it can emulate the environment of the PC CPU, emulating both memory and I/O devices. The memory accesses of the emulating processor are mapped into the host system memory, so that the host processor is protected from defective PC software on the emulating processor. The display updates of the emulating processor are detected and provide information for the host processor in updating a part of its display which provides the information a PC display would provide simultaneously with the display characteristic of the host system.

Abstract: A wrapping material roll support assembly which supports the roll of wrapping material within the wrapping device and permits easy placement of the roll of wrapping material thereon. Two spaced apart parallel rollers support the roll or wrapping material by contacting the outer circumference thereof. An adjustable tension brake frictionally engages the parallel rollers which support the roll of wrapping material. By adjusting the tension provided by the brake, undesired unrolling of the free end of the roll of wrapping material can be prevented. A safety catch is received through the core of the roll of wrapping material preventing the roll from falling from the roll support assembly.

Abstract: An emulating data processor includes a host system and an emulating processor with outputs to and inputs from the host system. The emulating processor executes sequences of instructions executable by a PC being emulated, but a host processor independently executes sequences of its instructions which are different from PC instructions. Circuitry monitors the emulating processor outputs and provides information to the host system so that it can emulate the environment of the PC CPU, emulating both memory and I/O devices. The memory accesses of the emulating processor are mapped into the host system memory, so that the host processor is protected from defective PC software on the emulating processor. The display updates of the emulating processor are detected and provide information for the host processor in updating a part of its display which provides the information a PC display would provide simultaneously with the display characteristic of the host system.

Abstract: A wrapping film severing apparatus is disclosed for use in severing sheets of film from a roll of plastic film. The roll of film is supported so that it may rotate about its axis of rotation while film is being withdrawn from the roll. A braking force is applied to the roll so that the film is under tension as it is being withdrawn from the roll. An electrically heated cutoff element is located forwardly of the roll for use in severing a sheet of film from the roll as a length of film is withdrawn under tension from the roll and then brought into contact with the cutoff element. The film is threaded through a pair of pinch rollers extending transversely of the film path and located intermediate the film roll and the cutoff element for guiding movement of the film from the roll to the cutoff element. A one-way clutch is associated with at least one of the rollers permitting forward movement of the film toward the cutoff element while restricting backward movement toward the film roll.

Abstract: Wrapping apparatus including a film cutoff element. The cutoff element being an internally heated rod-type heating unit having an external periphery designing a corner edge. The element is maintained at a temperature below the melting point of the plastic film to be severed by a thermostat which energizes and deenergizes the cutoff element in dependence upon the temperature of the cutoff element. A bimetal thermostat in good heat transferring relationship with the cutoff element is utilized to control the energization of the heating element.