Abstract: An article transfer and inspection apparatus comprising chamber-defining means, substantially impermeable to x-rays; and x-ray source for directing x-rays to a first portion of said chamber; feed and extraction conveyor systems individually having at least a portion thereof outside the chamber and respectively serving to introduce and remove an article into and from the chamber, the feed conveyor system being operable at a first speed; an inspection conveyor system located between the feed and extraction conveyor systems and at least partly disposed at the chamber first portion, the inspection conveyor system being operable at a second speed at least equal to the first speed and serving to carry the article through the chamber first portion; and means for converting x-rays passing through the first portion and the article into a visual image.The apparatus can also include means for achieving a pre-determined spacing between various articles.