Abstract: A surgical type face mask having a substrate forming an outer layer. The outer layer being treated with a water-based polymer containing at least one photosensitizer in sufficient quantity to impart a characteristic color. In the presence of visible light, the water based polymer generates therapeutically useful quantities of singlet oxygen for treatment, by inhalation thereof, of respiratory infections and cancers.

Abstract: A polymer having a first monomer operatively connected to Rose Bengal, a second monomer, and a surfactant, wherein the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of ionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, and mixtures thereof. The Rose Bengal in polymer in an amount effective for rendering the polymer antimicrobial or antiviral upon exposure of said polymer to light; and the polymer produces singlet oxygen from air in the presence of light. A substrate have these features is also included.

Abstract: A polymer having a first monomer operatively connected to Rose Bengal, a second monomer, and a surfactant, wherein the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of ionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, and mixtures thereof. The Rose Bengal in polymer in an amount effective for rendering the polymer antimicrobial or antiviral upon exposure of said polymer to light; and the polymer produces singlet oxygen from air in the presence of light. A substrate have these features is also included.

Abstract: A device according to one embodiment includes a porous membrane having a surface charge and pore configuration characterized by a double layer overlap effect being present in pores of the membrane, where the porous membrane includes functional groups that preferentially interact with either cations or anions. A device according to another embodiment includes a porous membrane having a surface charge in pores thereof sufficient to impart anion or cation selectivity in the pores. Additional devices, systems and methods are also presented.

Abstract: A device according to one embodiment includes a porous membrane having a surface charge and pore configuration characterized by a double layer overlap effect being present in pores of the membrane, where the porous membrane includes functional groups that preferentially interact with either cations or anions. A device according to another embodiment includes a porous membrane having a surface charge in pores thereof sufficient to impart anion or cation selectivity in the pores. Additional devices, systems and methods are also presented.

Abstract: Compositions including from about 1% to about 30% by weight of cationic polyvinyl alcohol graft copolymer in an aqueous solution, pigment, and other binding agents are useful in coatings for ink jet printing of paper, textile and plastic substrates, and also as wet end additives for papermaking. The polyvinyl alcohol has a weight average molecular weight between about 13,000 and about 140,000 and is between about 86 and 100 mole % hydrolyzed.

Abstract: Compositions including from about 1% to about 30% by weight of cationic polyvinyl alcohol graft copolymer in an aqueous solution, pigment, and other binding agents are useful in coatings for ink jet printing of paper, textile and plastic substrates, and also as wet end additives for papermaking. The polyvinyl alcohol has a weight average molecular weight between about 13,000 and about 140,000 and is between about 86 and 100 mole % hydrolyzed.