Abstract: A method of modifying the surface of an electrical or electronic device. The method has the steps of: placing the electrical or electronic device in a processing chamber; reducing the pressure in the processing chamber; applying a surface modification process within the processing chamber; wherein the electrical or electronic device comprises a screen (150), said screen comprising first and second layers (154, 156) separated by an air gap (172), and an air vent (196, 198) providing fluid communication between the air gap and the exterior of the electrical or electronic device, such that a reduction in pressure in the processing chamber results in a reduction in pressure in the air gap.

Abstract: A no-till apparatus for application of herbicide and fertilizer, soil preparation, and seeding of a cover crop in a standing crop has inter-row assemblies configured to pass along inter-row areas between adjacent row lines of standing crop plants. Each assembly includes a fertilizer applicator, a no-till soil preparation element, a cover crop seed applicator, and a post-seeding element. The apparatus may include movable auxiliary seeding units such that the apparatus may operate as a grain drill.

Abstract: A no-till apparatus for application of herbicide and fertilizer, soil preparation, and seeding of a cover crop in a standing crop has inter-row assemblies configured to pass along inter-row areas between adjacent row lines of standing crop plants. Each assembly includes a fertilizer applicator, a no-till soil preparation element, a cover crop seed applicator, and a post-seeding element. The apparatus may include movable auxiliary seeding units such that the apparatus may operate as a grain drill.

Abstract: A no-till apparatus for application of herbicide and fertilizer, soil preparation, and seeding of a cover crop in a standing crop has inter-row assemblies configured to pass along inter-row areas between adjacent row lines of standing crop plants. Each assembly includes a fertilizer applicator, a no-till soil preparation element, a cover crop seed applicator, and a post-seeding element.

Abstract: A no-till apparatus for application of herbicide and fertilizer, soil preparation, and seeding of a cover crop in a standing crop has inter-row assemblies configured to pass along inter-row areas between adjacent row lines of standing crop plants. Each assembly includes a fertilizer applicator, a no-till soil preparation element, a cover crop seed applicator, and a post-seeding element.

Abstract: A no-till apparatus for application of herbicide and fertilizer, soil preparation, and seeding of a cover crop in a standing crop has inter-row assemblies configured to pass along inter-row areas between adjacent row lines of standing crop plants. Each assembly includes a fertilizer applicator, a no-till soil preparation element, a cover crop seed applicator, and a post-seeding element.

Abstract: A no-till apparatus for application of herbicide and fertilizer, soil preparation, and seeding of a cover crop in a standing crop has inter-row assemblies configured to pass along inter-row areas between adjacent row lines of standing crop plants. Each assembly includes a fertilizer applicator, a no-till soil preparation element, a cover crop seed applicator, and a post-seeding element. The apparatus may include movable auxiliary seeding units such that the apparatus may operate as a grain drill.

Abstract: A no-till apparatus for application of herbicide and fertilizer, soil preparation, and seeding of a cover crop in a standing crop has inter-row assemblies configured to pass along inter-row areas between adjacent row lines of standing crop plants. Each assembly includes a fertilizer applicator, a no-till soil preparation element, a cover crop seed applicator, and a post-seeding element.

Abstract: A fire retardant barrier panel (16) comprising a first protective layer (18) of a first material and a fire resistant phenolic-based resin layer (19) bonded to the protective layer. The first material may be selected from the group consisting of gypsum, ceramic fiber, phenolic foam, basalt, fiberglass, carbon fiber, mineral wool and intumescent materials. The resin may be a phenol or phenolic resin. The fire retardant barrier panel may further comprise a second protective layer (20) bonded to the resin layer (19) such that the resin layer is between the first and second protective layers. The second protective layer (20) may be selected from the group consisting of gypsum, ceramic fiber, phenolic foam, basalt, fiberglass, carbon fiber, mineral wool and intumescent materials.

Abstract: Novel protected cyclopeptide intermediates are prepared from polymyxin B are used to synthesize new peptide antibiotics. Intermediates are readily derivatized and deprotected to provide new families of antibiotics, which have potent anti-bacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria; but also are useful and potent against gram-positive bacteria.

Abstract: A method for controlling the delivery of vapor from a bubbler containing a supply of chemical fluid through which a carrier gas is bubbled and from which bubbler vapors are delivered in a vapor stream entrained with the carrier gas. In general, the method involves equilibrating the pressure within the head space to that of the chemical fluid fill line to maintain a constant fluid level based on pressure and not relying on conventional level sensors and controllers.

Abstract: The present invention provides derivatives of lipopeptide antibiotics that display antimicrobial activity against microorganisms, methods and compounds for synthesizing such antimicrobial derivatives and analogues, and methods of using the compounds in a variety of contexts, including in the treatment and prevention of microbial infections.