Abstract: A Koch functionalized product, which is the reaction product of at least one hydrocarbon with carbon monoxide and a nucleophilic trapping agent, is derivatized with a heavy polyamine and a second amine. The hydrocarbon is a hydrocarbon compound or a hydrocarbon polymer. A heavy polyamine is a mixture of polyamines containing small amounts of lower polyamine oligomers such as tetraethylene pentamine and pentaethylenehexamine and containing primarily oligomers with more than 6 nitrogens and more extensive branching. Rubber seals embrittlement is reduced or minimized.

Abstract: A Koch functionalized product, which is the reaction product of at least one hydrocarbon with carbon monoxide and a nucleophilic trapping agent is derivatized with a heavy polyamine. A heavy polyamine is a mixture of polyamines comprising small amounts of lower polyamine oligomers such as tetraethylene pentamine and pentahexamine but primarily oligomers with more than 6 nitrogens and more extensive branching.

Abstract: A process for preparing polymeric amides is disclosed. The process comprises sequentially reacting a hydrocarbon polymer functionalized (e.g., via the Koch reaction) to contain acid, ester, thioacid and/or thioester groups with a heavy polyamine to form a partially derivatized product in which at least about 85% of the functional groups are converted to heavy (thio)amide groups, and then reacting the partially derivatized product with an excess of light amine to complete the derivatization by converting substantially all of the remaining functional groups to light (thio)amide groups. Products of the foregoing process are also disclosed, which products are useful as additives in fuels and in lubricants.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon composition functionalized via the Koch reaction which is the reaction product of at least one hydrocarbon having a number average molecular weight of less than 500 and at least one ethylenic double bond per molecule, with carbon monoxide and a nucleophilic trapping agent. The hydrocarbon is usefully functionalized and derivatized, producing, in particular, lubricants suitable for use in two-cycle engines.

Abstract: A Koch functionalized product, which is the reaction product of at least one hydrocarbon with carbon monoxide and a nucleophilic trapping agent, is derivatized with a heavy polyamine and a second amine. The hydrocarbon is a hydrocarbon compound or a hydrocarbon polymer. A heavy polyamine is a mixture of polyamines containing small amounts of lower polyamine oligomers such as tetraethylene pentamine and pentaethylenehexamine and containing primarily oligomers with more than 6 nitrogens and more extensive branching. Rubber seals embrittlement is reduced or minimized.

Abstract: A continuous process for functionalizing olefins, especially polymer olefins in a CSTR or pipe reactor. Esters are preferably produced by continuous reaction of the olefin with carbon monoxide and a nucleophilic trapping agent. The liquid-filled pipe reactor operates in plug flow with static mixers and the CSTR is operated in the substantial absence of air at constant liquid level.

Abstract: A rapid, batch Koch carbonylation/functionalization reaction of at least one polymer olefin, carbon monoxide, and an aliphatic or aryl alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst with either an alcohol:polymer olefin mole ratio .gtoreq.1:1, or an acid catalyst:polymer olefin mole ratio .gtoreq.0.9:1, or both, and recovering at least 80% functionalized polymer which is predominantly ester.

Abstract: A dispersant derivatized from a functionalized hydrocarbon and a polyamine having one primary amine and 1-10, preferably 3-8 secondary or tertiary amines; preferably where said functionalized hydrocarbon is a Koch-derived hydrocarbon.

Abstract: A Koch functionalized product which is the reaction product of at least one polymer having a number average molecular weight of at least 500 and at least one ethylenic double bond per polymer chain, with carbon monoxide and a nucleophilic trapping agent. The invention includes functionalized polymer, derivatives thereof and methods of making the same.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for preparing a polymeric amide which comprises the steps of:(A) reacting a mixture of (i) functionalized hydrocarbon polymer containing ester functional groups comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of substituted alkyl ester functional groups, the substituted alkyl moiety containing at least one electron withdrawing substituent group, and aryl ester functional groups, the hydrocarbon polymer having a number average molecular weight of at least about 500 prior to functionalization, and (ii) an amine having at least one reactive --NH.sub.2 moiety, for a time and under conditions sufficient to form amide groups; and(B) removing from the mixture during step (A) hydroxyl compound released from the ester functional groups in forming the amide groups.The polymeric amides so produced are useful as fuel additives (e.g., detergents) and lubricating oil additives (e.g., dispersants).

Abstract: According to the process of this invention, alcohols are recovered from aqueous acid solution by permeation of the alcohol through an organic-acid modified polymer membrane. An improved process for the manufacture of alcohols by acid absorption of olefins is also disclosed, the improvement residing in the use of an organic-acid modified polymer membrane to selectively permeate alcohols from the concentrated aqueous strong acid solution thereof co-produced in their synthesis from olefins.

Abstract: According to the process of this invention, alcohols are recovered from aqueous acid solution by permeation of the alcohol through a perfluorinated ionomer membrane. An improved process for the manufacture of alcohols by acid absorption of olefins is also disclosed, the improvement residing in the use of a perfluorinated ionomer membrane to selectively permeate alcohols from the concentrated aqueous strong acid solution thereof co-produced in their synthesis from olefins.

Abstract: According to the process of the present invention, carboxylic acids are recovered from aqueous strong acid mixtures thereof which mixtures are formed as an alcohol-depleted phase by the extraction of alcohols from aqueous strong acid solution with carboxylic acids, by contacting the mixtures with a liquid organic solvent, to form a purified aqueous strong acid stream depleted in such carboxylic acid by contacting such aqueous strong acid mixtures with a liquid organic solvent, such as an alkane, alkene or di-alkyl ether to form a purified aqueous strong acid depleted in such carboxylic acid.

Abstract: According to the process of the present invention, alcohols are recovered from aqueous mixtures thereof with a concentrated strong acid by contacting such alcohol-containing aqueous concentrated acid mixtures with a carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of acids of the formula RCO.sub.2 H wherein R is a straight or branched-chain or cyclic alkyl of from 5 to 19 carbon atoms per molecule to form an extract phase containing the carboxylic acid in addition to said alcohol, and an aqueous raffinate phase depleted in the alcohol.

Abstract: According to the process of this invention, saturated mono-alcohols are recovered from solutions containing such mono-alcohols together with a carboxylic acid extraction solvent therefor by passing the mono-alcohol solution to an alcohol vaporization zone, introducing a substantially anhydrous stripping gas to the alcohol vaporization zone in an amount and under conditions sufficient to form vapors comprising the mono-alcohol and to form an alcohol-depleted liquid phase comprising the carboxylic acid extraction solvent.