Abstract: A lighting apparatus includes a light source module and a heat dissipation module. The light source module emits light and generates heat. The heat dissipation module dissipates at least a portion of the heat, and includes a base portion to which the light source module is physically coupled. The heat dissipation module also includes a plurality of heat dissipation fins. At least two of the fins that are immediately adjacent to one another form an air channel having a first opening and a second opening between the at least two of the fins. The air channel has a generally decreasing cross-sectional area with respect to air rising up the air channel in a generally vertical direction with respect to a horizontal plane as the air enters the air channel through the first opening and exits the air channel through the second opening.

Abstract: A light cover and an illuminating apparatus applying the same are provided. The illuminating apparatus comprises the light cover and a plurality of light sources. The light cover comprises a substrate provided with a plurality of recesses on a front surface and a plurality of lenses integrated with the substrate and respectively located in the recesses. The lenses are oriented in a same direction. The light sources are disposed corresponding to the lenses. Each of the light sources is adapted to emit a light. Each of the lenses is adapted to receive the light and transform the light into a predefined light output.

Abstract: The present invention is embodied in a radial light-emitting diode (“LED”) lamp in a flat printed circuit hoard (“PCB”) form factor. In one embodiment, the LED lamp comprises a single, two-sided PCB having one or more LEDs on each side of the PCB. Each LED is encapsulated within a casing generally shaped as a linear dome or half cylinder having an axis. The casing may be a substantially homogenous, molded phosphor mixture that emits light upon exposure to the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the LED inside the casing. Because of phosphorescence and surface reflections in the casing, each LED emits light through an angle greater than 180 degrees transverse to the axis of the casing.

Abstract: The present invention is embodied an a dual-chamber passive cooling system for a light-emitting diode (LED) lamp and in a lighting fixture comprising such a system. The system comprises a printed circuit board (PCB) having a hole formed therein and extending through the PCB, and a shell defining a recess configured to receive the PCB. An LED may be positioned on one side of the PCB. The PCB is a thermally conductive PCB, such as a metal-core or graphite-core PCB, and is positioned within the recess so that it divides the recess into a first chamber defining a first volume and a second chamber defining a second volume that is less than the first volume. The shell has a first opening formed therein proximate the first chamber and a second opening formed therein proximate the second chamber, so that air can flow into and out of the chambers, cooling the LED and PCB through convection.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus includes a heat dissipation module and a light-emitting diode (LED) module. The heat dissipation module comprises heat sinks assembling each other, and each heat sink comprises air channels formed therein for air convection.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus includes a light source module and a heat dissipation module. The light source module emits light and generates heat. The heat dissipation module dissipates at least a portion of the heat, and includes a base portion to which the light source module is physically coupled. The heat dissipation module also includes a plurality of heat dissipation fins. At least two of the fins that are immediately adjacent to one another form an air channel having a first opening and a second opening between the at least two of the fins. The air channel has a generally decreasing cross-sectional area with respect to air rising up the air channel in a generally vertical direction with respect to a horizontal plane as the air enters the air channel through the first opening and exits the air channel through the second opening.

Abstract: Multiple groups of optical fibers are laid in concentric helical layers around a central core. A first layer is wound or laid around the core with adjacent lap segments touching each other, thus eliminating axial spacing between the lap segments along the core. The next group contains a greater number of optical fibers and is helically laid around the first layer, with adjacent lap segments touching each other. This winding process is continued, with the number of optical fibers in each successive winding group progressively increasing until a desired cable diameter is obtained. Improved surface uniformity is provided by laying the helical layers with a reversed direction of lay and with increased length of lay in each successive layer. According to another arrangement, improved luminosity is provided by laying the helical layers with reversed direction of lay and with the same length of lay in each successive layer.

Abstract: A C-clamp for mounting stage accessories has four angled body portions, with one body portion being bent to provide a first acute angle .phi. between the first and second body portions, and a second acute angle .theta. between the second and third body portions, and an approximately right angle .alpha. between the third and fourth body portions. The C-clamp has threaded holes in the first body portion and in the fourth body portion, respectively. The first acute angle is greater than the second acute angle. A tightening bolt in the first threaded hole is positioned to compress a pipe against the second and third body portions. Consequently, the tightening bolt can securely fasten the clamp onto support pipes of various sizes. A mounting bolt is inserted into the second threaded hole either to fasten the C-clamp to a support structure such as a ceiling joist so that the clamp can be used to support a pipe, or to fasten a stage accessory such as a flood light, spot projector or curtain to a pipe.

Abstract: In a spot projector having a reflector, a coiled filament lamp, a gate and a lens, improved light output efficiency is provided by locating the virtual filament center intermediate the reflector and the natural focus of the reflector. The gate is provided with an aperture which is substantially equal to or larger than the aperture of the reflector to accomodate the divergence of light rays produced by locating the filament to the rear of the focus point. Because the distribution of the light rays which emanate from the filament approximates a cosine distribution, and because the location of the virtual filament is behind the actual focus point, the percentage of light rays which are projected transversely through a region between the reflector and the gate is substantially reduced, and a correspondingly greater amount of filament illumination is reflected through the gate aperture, thereby producing a brighter image than would be produced by the same lamp located forward of the focus.

Abstract: A variable magnification "zoom" spotlight assembly is disclosed in which the diameter and focal length of the focusing lens and object lens are selected so that the angle of incidence of a light ray as it emanates from the lamp and reflector of the assembly and thereafter from the focusing and objective lenses decreases by a constant factor. This angular relationship is established by selecting the diameter and focal length of the focusing lens and objective lens and the diameter and length of the reflector according to the following angular relationship:B.sub.R /B.sub.F .congruent.B.sub.1 /B.sub.R .congruent.B.sub.2 /B.sub.1 =kWhere:B.sub.F =angle of the filament to reflector as measured from the focal axis;B.sub.R =angle of gate to reflector as measured from the focal axis;B.sub.1 =angle of focusing lens as measured from its focal length along the focal axis to its radius;B.sub.2 =angle of objective lens as measured from its focal length along the focal axis to its radius; and,k=constant.

Abstract: A heater assembly including an electronic control circuit for preheating fuel prior to carburetion in an internal combustion engine is disclosed. Fuel entering the carburetor is heated and maintained at an elevated temperature in a preferred range of about 110.degree. F. to 140.degree. F. by an electrically energized, resistance heating element. The preheater includes a coil of copper tubing through which the fuel is conducted and which is wound about the resistance heating element for indirect heat transfer to the moving mass of fuel. A sensor is interposed in the fuel line downstream of the coiled section and includes a housing in which a temperature probe is received and in which preheated fuel is accumulated prior to being discharged into the carburetor. The resistance heating element is thermally coupled to the sensor housing whereby heat is transferred indirectly to the fuel through the spiral delivery line segment and then through the walls of the sensor housing to the enclosed fuel.

Abstract: A video transmission and receiving system provides continuous surveillance over a predetermined area in which video information is secured in such a manner that it cannot be intercepted by conventional television receivers. In the video transmission portion of the system, the pulse width of vertical synchronization pulses which occur during the vertical blanking interval are deliberately narrowed in duration, preferably equal in width to the equalization pulses which precede and follow the vertical pulse train, and which have an amplitude which is detectably greater than the amplitude of the horizontal synchronizing pulses and equalizing pulses. The narrow vertical pulses occur at the same frequency as the equalizing pulses and are separated from the horizontal synchronizing pulses by amplitude clipping instead of by waveform separation.