Abstract: The present disclosure describes a method called the rinse test for determining where silver is being lost and the variability of this loss in a photographic emulsion manufacturing process. Results from this method can be used to determine what parts of the emulsion manufacturing process should be improved to increase silver yield thereby reducing manufacturing costs and what parts of the emulsion manufacturing process should be improved to reduce silver loss variability thereby improving an emulsion's sensitometric response. The photographic emulsion manufacturing process includes at least one kettle and a plurality of processing equipment which may include sections of pipe, permeators, mixers and pumps. The silver loss is determined by adding water to a kettle after the product has been removed from but prior to cleaning of this kettle. The concentration of silver in this rinse water is measured and the amount of silver is determined.

Abstract: Photographic emulsions, particularly those produced by a silver halide reaction, are concentrated and, optionally, washed in a 2-stage ultrafiltration system. The system includes a spiral wound ultrafiltration module and a plate and frame ultrafiltration module. Serial use of these two ultrafiltration systems permits the viscosity of the resulting emulsion to be increased, at commercial scale production levels, to a level suitable for curtain coating photographic substrates.

Abstract: An adjustable switch point guard rail assembly for use adjacent the switch point of a railway switch. The adjustable guard rail assembly is comprised of a plurality of support chairs and an adjustable guard rail. The sdjustable guard rail includes a surface for engaging and laterally urging the wheels of rolling stock in a direction toward the centerline of the trackwork. Also disclosed is an apparatus for laterally adjusting and fastening the wheel engaging surface of the adjustable guard rail to a variety of positions toward or away from the switch point within a given range of lateral movement.

Abstract: Photographic emulsions, particularly those produced by a silver halide reaction, are concentrated and, optionally, washed in a 2-stage ultrafiltration system. The system includes a spiral wound ultrafiltration module and a plate and frame ultrafiltration module. Serial use of these two ultrafiltration systems permits the viscosity of the resulting emulsion to be increased, at commercial scale production levels, to a level suitable for curtain coating photographic substrates.

Abstract: An adjustable switch point guard rail assembly for use adjacent the switch point of a railway switch. The adjustable guard rail assembly is comprised of a plurality of support chairs and an adjustable guard rail. The adjustable guard rail includes a surface for engaging and laterally urging the wheels of rolling stock in a direction toward the centerline of the trackwork. Also disclosed is an apparatus for laterally adjusting and fastening the wheel engaging surface of the adjustable guard rail to a variety of positions toward or away from the switch point within a given range of lateral movement.