Abstract: A sub-mass projectile for a standard, unmodified firearm, comprising a core formed from a malleable core material with at least a portion of the core material being a non-metal material. The core has a lower mass than a standard projectile for the standard, unmodified firearm. The core material has a mass and malleability that generates forces between the sub-mass projectile and the firearm that approximate operational forces of a standard mass projectile on the standard, unmodified firearm during operation.

Abstract: A sub-mass projectile for a standard, unmodified firearm, comprising a core formed from a malleable core material with at least a portion of the core material being a non-metal material. The core has a lower mass than a standard projectile for the standard, unmodified firearm. An outer surface associated with the core has a diameter that is sized less than an outer diameter of a standard cartridge and larger than an inner diameter of a standard, unmodified barrel bore of the standard, unmodified firearm such that the outer surface associated with the core contacts the inner diameter of the standard, unmodified barrel bore to generate forces in the firearm that approximate operational forces of a standard mass projectile on the standard, unmodified firearm during operation.

Abstract: A sub-mass projectile for a standard, unmodified firearm, comprising a core formed from a malleable core material with at least a portion of the core material being a non-metal material. The core has a lower mass than a standard projectile for the standard, unmodified firearm. An outer surface associated with the core has a diameter that is sized less than an outer diameter of a standard cartridge and larger than an inner diameter of a standard, unmodified barrel bore of the standard, unmodified firearm such that the outer surface associated with the core contacts the inner diameter of the standard, unmodified barrel bore to generate forces in the firearm that approximate operational forces of a standard mass projectile on the standard, unmodified firearm during operation.

Abstract: A sub-mass projectile for a firearm includes a core having a relatively lower mass than a standard projectile for the firearm. A force inducer is associated with the core. The force inducer has an interface that interacts with the firearm. The interface includes a bearing surface with a relatively larger outer diameter than a standard projectile for the firearm. The bearing surface bears against a surface of the firearm during operation so as to increase resistive forces between the sub-mass projectile and the firearm to a magnitude sufficient to approximate the kinetic forces of a standard mass projectile on the firearm during operation.

Abstract: A sub-mass projectile for a firearm includes a core having a relatively lower mass than a standard projectile for the firearm. A force inducer is associated with the core. The force inducer has an interface that interacts with the firearm. The interface includes a bearing surface with a relatively larger outer diameter than a standard projectile for the firearm. The bearing surface bears against a surface of the firearm during operation so as to increase resistive forces between the sub-mass projectile and the firearm to a magnitude sufficient to approximate the kinetic forces of a standard mass projectile on the firearm during operation.