Abstract: A fuel supply system for supplying pulverized feedstock to a gasifier includes a feedstock storage apparatus for storing pulverized feedstock. The feedstock storage apparatus operates at a first pressure. The fuel supply system also includes a mechanical conveyance apparatus linking the feedstock storage apparatus to a fuel distribution apparatus. The mechanical conveyance apparatus is operable to continuously convey the pulverized feedstock from the feedstock storage apparatus to the fuel distribution apparatus at a first flow rate. The fuel distribution apparatus operates at a second pressure that is greater than the first pressure. The fuel distribution apparatus includes at least one outlet communicably connected to at least one burner on the gasifier for transferring pulverized feedstock from the fuel distribution apparatus to the at least one burner.

Abstract: A power generation plant and a method of generating electric energy from recovered heat during an industrial process that uses steam as a means of transferring energy. The method comprises: a) generating a first saturated steam in a first heat exchanger heated by a first source of recovered heat; b) feeding the first saturated steam into a first steam turbine generator, where the first steam turbine generator outputs exhaust steam; c) removing moisture from the exhaust steam with a moisture separator; d) superheating the moisture reduced exhaust steam from step c) in a main heat exchanger with a heat source; and e) feeding the superheated exhaust steam into a second steam turbine generator. The power generation plant comprises a first source of saturated steam, a first steam turbine generator, a moisture separator, a second source of saturated steam, a heat exchanger and a second steam turbine generator.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the production of urea from natural gas, wherein a) natural gas undergoes partial oxidation or autothermal reformation with a gas containing oxygen in a first step and the raw synthesis gas thus arising, consisting essentially of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane and hydrogen, can be transformed by catalytic conversion of CO and H2O to form CO2 and H2, whereupon carbon monoxide and methane are removed in a multistep gas cleaning process and the hydrogen is converted into ammonia upon addition of nitrogen, and subsequently, b) the ammonia is recombined with the previously separated carbon dioxide in a second step and the ammonia is thus fully converted into urea.

Abstract: Ammonia is catalytically produced from a nitrogen-hydrogen mixture. First of all, a vaporous feed mixture, which comprises 30 to 60 vol-% methanol and 40 to 70 vol-% steam and has a volume ratio steam:methanol of 1 to 3, is passed through at least one bed of a breakdown catalyst at pressures in the range from 30 to 200 bar, the temperatures in the catalyst bed lying in the range from 200 to 500° C. From the catalyst bed, a first gas mixture is withdrawn, which, calculated dry, comprises 40 to 80 vol-% H2 and 10 to 30 vol-% CO2. The first gas mixture is cooled, CO2 is removed in a gas cleaning, and a second gas mixture is generated, which comprises at least 95 vol-% nitrogen and hydrogen, and which is supplied as synthesis gas to an ammonia synthesis for the catalytic production of ammonia.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the coproduction of methanol and ammonia from natural gas involving the following steps: 1. Natural gas (flow 1) , steam and oxygen are mixed with one another in a reactor A during which the natural gas is partially oxidized and additionally reformed with the aid of catalysts; 2. The gas mixture removed from reactor A is split into a flow (flow 2) for synthesizing methanol in a unit E and into another flow (flow 3) for producing hydrogen; 3. The carbon monoxide present in flow (flow 3) for producing hydrogen is converted into carbon dioxide inside reactor B with the aid of catalysts and intermediate cooling stages; 4. Remaining impurities such as methane, traces of carbon monoxide and argon are washed out in a cleaning unit D, and hydrogen (flows 6, 8) is fed to the methanol synthesis in unit E and to the ammonia synthesis in unit F; 5.

Abstract: A method for producing ammonia from natural gas, fed to an autothermic reformer with an O2 rich gas. Crude synthesis gas is produced at temperatures of 900 to 1200° C., pressures of 40 to 100 bar and in the presence of a cracking catalyst. The crude synthesis gas is led through a catalytic conversion system to convert CO to H2, thereby obtaining a conversion synthesis gas with a H2 content of at least 55 vol.-% and a CO content of not more than 8 vol.-%. The conversion synthesis gas is subjected to a gas purification to remove CO2, CO and CH4, thereby producing an N2—H2 mixture that is subjected to a catalytic ammonia synthesis. The ammonia produced can at least be partially converted to urea by reacting it with CO2.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system unit for desorbing carbon dioxide and other impurities from highly pressurized methanol. Said system unit comprises at least one or more expansion vessels arranged in succession, at least one heat exchanger, and at least one liquid/gas separator. The inventive system unit contains: a) a line (1) through which the intensely cooled methanol leaving expansion vessel (C) is introduced into the heat exchanger (E) from underneath, and; b) a line (2), though which the heated methanol is drawn out of the heat exchanger (E) from the top, and which serves to connect said heat exchanger to a liquid/gas separator inside of which the remaining carbon dioxide still contained in the methanol is desorbed and separated out to the greatest possible extent. This system unit enables the cold due to evaporation, said cold resulting during the desorption of carbon dioxide, to be obtained inside a heat exchanger and constitutes an important cold energy source for carrying out absorption.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the production of urea from natural gas, wherein a) natural gas undergoes partial oxidation or autothermal reformation with a gas containing oxygen in a first step and the raw synthesis gas thus arising, consisting essentially of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane and hydrogen, can be transformed by catalytic conversion of CO and H2O to form CO2 and H2, whereupon carbon monoxide and methane are removed in a multistep gas cleaning process and the hydrogen is converted into ammonia upon addition of nitrogen, and subsequently, b) the ammonia is recombined with the previously separated carbon dioxide in a second step and the ammonia is thus fully converted into urea.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the coproduction of methanol and ammonia having the following steps: 1. Natural gas (stream 1), steam and oxygen are mixed together in a reactor A, wherein the natural gas is partially oxidized and further reformed with the aid of catalysts, 2. The gas mixture taken from reactor A is divided into stream (stream 2) for the methanol synthesis in a unit E and another stream (stream 3) for hydrogen production, 3. The carbon monoxide present in the stream (stream 3) for the hydrogen production is converted into carbon dioxide with aid from catalysts and intermediate cooling stages, 4. Remaining impurities such as methane, traces of carbon monoxide and argon are washed out in a purification unit D, and hydrogen (streams 6, 8) is fed to the methanol synthesis in the unit E and the ammonia synthesis in a unit F, 5.

Abstract: An plant unit for fractionating and purifying synthesis gas is described, which is comprised of a device for partially condensing synthesis gas and a device for nitrogen washing, whereat the device for nitrogen washing is adjacent to the device for partial condensation.

Abstract: What is described is a method and an installation for the simultaneous production of methanol synthesis gas, ammonia synthesis gas, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide from natural gas, in which several plant elements (or plant units) are serially arranged one by one in one single production chain, whereat these elements comprise: a first reactor A, in which the natural gas is transformed under oxygen supply into a synthesis gas mixture comprised of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and steam (water vapor), a second reactor B, which allows to control the transformation of carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide, optionally a compressor C for compressing the generated gases, an absorber D for the absorption of carbon dioxide and for obtaining the carbon monoxide-hydrogen mixture used for methanol synthesis, a low-temperature separator E, in which ammonia synthesis gas is obtained by introducing liquid nitrogen, and in which simultaneously carbon monoxide, argon and methane are removed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system unit for desorbing carbon dioxide and other impurities from highly pressurized methanol. Said system unit comprises at least one or more expansion vessels arranged in succession, at least one heat exchanger, and at least one liquid/gas separator. The inventive system unit contains: a) a line (1) through which the intensely cooled methanol leaving expansion vessel (C) is introduced into the heat exchanger (E) from underneath, and; b) a line (2), though which the heated methanol is drawn out of the heat exchanger (E) from the top, and which serves to connect said heat exchanger to a liquid/gas separator inside of which the remaining carbon dioxide still contained in the methanol is desorbed and separated out to the greatest possible extent. This system unit enables the cold due to evaporation, said cold resulting during the desorption of carbon dioxide, to be obtained inside a heat exchanger and constitutes an important cold energy source for carrying out absorption.

Abstract: What is described is a method and an installation for the simultaneous production of methanol synthesis gas, ammonia synthesis gas, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide from natural gas, in which several plant elements (or plant units) are serially arranged one by one in one single production chain, whereat these elements comprise: a first reactor A, in which the natural gas is transformed under oxygen supply into a synthesis gas mixture comprised of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and steam (water vapour), a second reactor B, which allows to control the transformation of carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide, optionally a compressor C for compressing the generated gases, an absorber D for the absorption of carbon dioxide and for obtaining the carbon monoxide-hydrogen mixture used for methanol synthesis, a low-temperature separator E, in which ammonia synthesis gas is obtained by introducing liquid nitrogen, and in which simultaneously carbon monoxide, argon and methane are removed.

Abstract: An plant unit for fractionating and purifying synthesis gas is described, which is comprised of a device for partially condensing synthesis gas and a device for nitrogen washing, whereat the device for nitrogen washing is adjacent to the device for partial condensation.

Abstract: Ammonia is catalytically produced from a nitrogen-hydrogen mixture. First of all, a vaporous feed mixture, which comprises 30 to 60 vol-% methanol and 40 to 70 vol-% steam and has a volume ratio steam:methanol of 1-3, is passed through at least one bed of a breakdown catalyst at pressures in the range from 30 to 200 bar, the temperatures in the catalyst bed lying in the range from 200 to 500° C. From the catalyst bed, a first gas mixture is withdrawn, which, calculated dry, comprises 40 to 80 vol-% H2 and 10 to 30 vol-% CO2. The first gas mixture is cooled, CO2 is removed in a gas cleaning, and a second gas mixture is generated, which comprises at least 95 vol-% nitrogen and hydrogen, and which is supplied as synthesis gas to an ammonia synthesis for the catalytic production of ammonia.

Abstract: A method for producing ammonia from natural gas, fed to an autothermic reformer with an O2 rich gas. Crude synthesis gas is produced at temperatures of 900 to 1200° C., pressures of 40 to 100 bar and in the presence of a cracking catalyst. The crude synthesis gas is led through a catalytic conversion system to convert CO to H2, thereby obtaining a conversion synthesis gas with a H2 content of at least 55 vol.-% and a CO content of not more than 8 vol.-%. The conversion synthesis gas is subjected to a gas purification to remove CO2, CO and CH4, thereby producing an N2-H2 mixture that is subjected to a catalytic ammonia synthesis. The ammonia produced can at least be partially converted to urea by reacting it with CO2.