Abstract: Materials and objects tagged with wavelength selective particles such as SERS nanotags modified for wavelength selectivity. As used herein, a wavelength selective particle is one which cannot be effectively excited or interrogated at one or more wavelengths where a reporter molecule associated with the particle would normally produce a spectrum. Also disclosed are methods of manufacturing wavelength selective particles and methods of tagging materials or objects with wavelength selective particles.

Abstract: An inline spectroscopic reader having a light source, one or more optics heads, a spectrometer and a data processing system in digital communication with the spectrometer detector. The optics heads include transmission optics providing for the illumination of a target with light from the light source and detection optics providing for the collection of light from the target. Typically, the target is moving with respect to the optics head during spectroscopic interrogation. The spectroscopic reader is thus an inline reader well suited to provide spectrum based production or analytical decision making in real time as the target moves along a production or analysis line. Also disclosed are methods including the steps of illuminating a target with light from a light source; collecting light from the target; obtaining a digitized spectrum with a spectrometer; extracting information content from the digitized spectrum; and basing a contemporaneous process decision upon the information content.

Abstract: Embodiments include a particle comprising a surface enhanced spectroscopy (SES)-active core and a SES-active reporter molecule associated with the SES-active core wherein said particle has a measurable SES spectrum when excited by incident light having a wavelength of at least 1400 nm. Alternative embodiments include methods of manufacturing said particle and methods of tagging a material with said particle. The particle may include an SES-active core which supports plasmon resonance at a wavelength of at least 1400 nm. The particle may comprise an anisotropic core. The particle may include an SES-active reporter molecule which is resonant at one or more wavelengths greater than or equal to 1400 nm.

Abstract: Submicron-sized particles or labels that can be covalently or non-covalently affixed to entities of interest for the purpose of quantification, location, identification, tracking, and diagnosis, are described.

Abstract: Materials and objects tagged with wavelength selective particles such as SERS nanotags modified for wavelength selectivity. As used herein, a wavelength selective particle is one which cannot be effectively excited or interrogated at one or more wavelengths where a reporter molecule associated with the particle would normally produce a spectrum. Also disclosed are methods of manufacturing wavelength selective particles and methods of tagging materials or objects with wavelength selective particles.

Abstract: Various methods of use for surface enhanced spectroscopy-active composite nanoparticles (SACN's) are provided. SACN's are submicron-sized particles or labels can be covalently or non-covalently affixed to entities of interest for the purpose of quantification, location, identification, tracking, and diagnosis. The various methods include administering a SACN nanoparticle imaging agent to a patient, scanning the patient using a system that can perform spectral imaging; and generating a spectrum or image of an internal region of the patient. A method, for diagnosing an abnormal pathology as well as a method for labeling an animal with a SACN are also provided.

Abstract: A method of detecting melamine which includes providing a quantity of SERS-active particles and mixing the SERS-active particles with a solution containing melamine. The method further includes detecting a surface enhanced Raman spectrum of the melamine. The foregoing method may optionally include aggregating the SERS-active particles. Aggregation may occur before or after the SERS-active particles are mixed with a solution containing melamine. The method of detecting melamine may optionally include concentration of the SERS-active particles. The method may further include mixing a chaotropic agent having a higher affinity for a selected binding site than melamine into the solution containing melamine. The method may further include mixing a quantity of a SERS-active standard having a known SERS spectrum with the solution containing melamine and SERS-active particles. Assay apparatus and systems are also disclosed.

Abstract: Surface Enhanced Spectroscopy-Active Composite Nanoparticles (SACN) comprising: core/shell nanoparticles comprising nanoparticle cores covered with shells, wherein the cores and the shells may comprise the same or different materials; at least one Raman-active reporter molecule associated with said core/shell nanoparticle; and an SiO2 encapsulant which encapsulates the core/shell nanoparticle and the at least one Raman-active reporter molecule, are described.

Abstract: An inline spectroscopic reader having a light source, one or more optics heads, a spectrometer and a data processing system in digital communication with the spectrometer detector. The optics heads include transmission optics providing for the illumination of a target with light from the light source and detection optics providing for the collection of light from the target. Typically, the target is moving with respect to the optics head during spectroscopic interrogation. The spectroscopic reader is thus an inline reader well suited to provide spectrum based production or analytical decision making in real time as the target moves along a production or analysis line. Also disclosed are methods including the steps of illuminating a target with light from a light source; collecting light from the target; obtaining a digitized spectrum with a spectrometer; extracting information content from the digitized spectrum; and basing a contemporaneous process decision upon the information content.

Abstract: An encapsulated surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) tag. The tag includes a metal core and an encapsulant, typically a glass encapsulant. The encapsulant is further derivatized with a polymer.

Abstract: Wavelength selective particles such as SERS nanotags modified for wavelength selectivity. As used herein, a wavelength selective particle is one which cannot be effectively excited or interrogated at one or more wavelengths where a reporter molecule associated with the particle would normally produce a spectrum. Also disclosed are methods of manufacturing wavelength selective particles and methods of tagging materials or objects with wavelength selective particles.

Abstract: A lateral flow immunoassay featuring encapsulated metal particles. The encapsulated particles may use SERS nanotags as the detection modality. The use of encapsulated particles as a detection modality, in particular encapsulated SERS tags increases the sensitivity of an LFI prepared for visual reading and introduces the ability to obtain substantially more sensitive qualitative results or quantitative results through the analysis of a SERS spectrum read from an LFI prepared in accordance with the present invention. The use of SERS as detection modality also enhances the ability of an LFI device to be used for a multiplexed test. Other aspects of the present invention include LFI devices specifically configured to test whole blood, a reader for the detection and interpretation of a multiplexed assay and the hardware and software components used to implement the reader.

Abstract: Embodiments include a particle comprising a surface enhanced spectroscopy (SES)-active core and a SES-active reporter molecule associated with the SES-active core wherein said particle has a measurable SES spectrum when excited by incident light having a wavelength of at least 1400 nm. Alternative embodiments include methods of manufacturing said particle and methods of tagging a material with said particle. The particle may include an SES-active core which supports plasmon resonance at a wavelength of at least 1400 nm. The particle may comprise an anisotropic core. The particle may include an SES-active reporter molecule which is resonant at one or more wavelengths greater than or equal to 1400 nm.

Abstract: A method of detecting melamine which includes providing a quantity of SERS-active particles and mixing the SERS-active particles with a solution containing melamine. The method further includes detecting a surface enhanced Raman spectrum of the melamine. The foregoing method may optionally include aggregating the SERS-active particles. Aggregation may occur before or after the SERS-active particles are mixed with a solution containing melamine. The method of detecting melamine may optionally include concentration of the SERS-active particles. The method may further include mixing a chaotropic agent having a higher affinity for a selected binding site than melamine into the solution containing melamine. The method may further include mixing a quantity of a SERS-active standard having a known SERS spectrum with the solution containing melamine and SERS-active particles. Assay apparatus and systems are also disclosed.

Abstract: Submicron-sized particles or labels that can be covalently or non-covalently affixed to entities of interest for the purpose of quantification, location, identification, tracking, and diagnosis, are described.

Abstract: Methods and systems for the use of surface-enhanced Raman scattering nanotags (SERS nanotags) in various assay platforms which feature accelerated reaction kinetics. One embodiment includes a method detecting a substance of interest by associating a SERS nanotag with the substance of interest while accelerating the reaction kinetics of the association steps. This method also includes detecting a Raman spectrum of a reporter molecule associated with the SERS nanotag. The reaction kinetics of the assay may be accelerated by applying microwave radiation to the sample, heating the sample, agitating the sample, mixing the sample, vibrating the sample or other methods.

Abstract: An encapsulated surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) tag. The tag includes a metal core and an encapsulant, typically a glass encapsulant. The encapsulant is further derivatized with a polymer.

Abstract: Methods and compositions of matter are disclosed for creating tags such as SERS nanotags which are dispersible in an organic solvent. The tags are inherently hydrophilic and may be made dispersible in an organic solvent by associating the tag with an amphiphilic polymer. Alternatively, a tag may be associated with a surfactant. In another embodiment a tag having an encapsulant of a silicon containing material may be made dispersible in an organic solvent by modifying the encapsulant surface with a hydrophobic silane. In addition, a tag having an encapsulant of a silicon containing material may be modified by the esterification of the encapsulant with an alcohol.

Abstract: An encapsulated surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) tag. The tag includes a metal core and an encapsulant, typically a glass encapsulant. The encapsulant is further derivatized with a polymer.

Abstract: An assay and method of assay for optical detection of bioagents, a target nucleic acid or a target protein using a surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active biomolecule molecular beacon. The present invention also provides the assay and method in a multiplexed format.