Abstract: Electrified roadway systems include a roadway, and vehicles configured to operate on the roadway. The roadway has a base, and two electrically-conductive rails mounted on the base. One of the rails is electrically connected to a source of electric power, and the other rail is electrically connected to an electrical ground. The vehicles include non-electrically-conductive tires, and an electric motor mechanically connected to, and configured to rotate at least one of the tires to propel the vehicle along the roadway. The vehicles draw electric power from the roadway via two electrical pickups that contact the respective rails, and a retracted position at which the pickups are out of contact with the rails. A wear-resistant cover can be positioned on each of the rails. The wear resist covers can have features that maximize the contact area and the contact force between the covers and the rails.

Abstract: Electrified roadway systems include a roadway, and vehicles configured to operate on the roadway. The roadway has a base, and two electrically-conductive rails mounted on the base. One of the rails is electrically connected to a source of electric power, and the other rail is electrically connected to an electrical ground. The vehicles include non-electrically-conductive tires, and an electric motor mechanically connected to, and configured to rotate at least one of the tires to propel the vehicle along the roadway. The vehicles draw electric power from the roadway via two electrical pickups that contact the respective rails, and a retracted position at which the pickups are out of contact with the rails. A wear-resistant cover can be positioned on each of the rails. The wear resist covers can have features that maximize the contact area and the contact force between the covers and the rails.

Abstract: Electrified roadway systems include a roadway, and vehicles configured to operate on the roadway. The roadway has a base, and two electrically-conductive rails mounted on the base. One of the rails is electrically connected to a source of electric power, and the other rail is electrically connected to an electrical ground. The vehicles include non-electrically-conductive tires, and an electric motor mechanically connected to, and configured to rotate at least one of the tires to propel the vehicle along the roadway. The vehicles draw electric power from the roadway via two electrical pickups. The electrical pickups are configured to move between a deployed position at which the pickups contact the respective rails, and a retracted position at which the pickups are out of contact with the rails.

Abstract: A system for coupling a conduit to a valve is disclosed. The valve includes at least one coupling, wherein the coupling includes an inlet leading to an internal chamber of the valve, a collar positioned within the inlet, a gripper positioned partially within the inlet and in contact with at least a portion of the collar, and a wiper seal positioned within the internal chamber. The system further includes a conduit, wherein the conduit is insertable through the gripper via a first force, and wherein the conduit is subsequently insertable through the wiper seal via a second force that is less than the value of the first force. The conduit may optionally be labeled with a set of visual markings to provide proper cutting angles and to indication proper positioning of the conduit into the valve to effectuate a tight seal.

Abstract: A float actuated valve assembly for battery electrolyte replenishment is disclosed. A housing engages an opening in a battery cell. An inlet in the housing is connectable to a water source. A valve in the housing controls the water flow to the cell. The valve is connected by a link to a four bar mechanism that is attached to a float. The float is buoyantly supported and rises and falls in response to the electrolyte level within the cell opening and closing the valve to admit or halt the flow of water to the cell. A baffle prevents fouling of the mechanism by splashing electrolyte. A flash arrester is positioned between the valve and the inlet to quench hydrogen-oxygen explosions between cells. The float is adjustable for different sized cells. A side viewable electrolyte level indicator is provided in the housing. Flash arresters for venting gas are also mounted.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and method for coupling a conduit to a valve. The valve includes at least one coupling, wherein the coupling includes inlet leading to an internal chamber of the valve, a collar positioned within the inlet, a gripper positioned partially within the inlet and in contact with at least a portion of the collar, and a wiper seal positioned within the internal chamber. The system further includes a conduit, wherein the conduit is insertable through the gripper via a first force, and wherein the conduit is subsequently insertable through the wiper seal via a second force that is less than the value of the first force. The conduit may optionally be labeled with a set of visual markings to provide proper cutting angles and to indication proper positioning of the conduit into the valve to effectuate a tight seal.

Abstract: A system for watering aqueous battery cells. The system includes a water conduit connectable to a water source, and multiple nozzles attached to and in fluid communication with the water conduit for distributing water to each of the battery cells. The nozzles provide a similar flow rate of water over a similar period of time to provide a similar amount of water to each cell. A method for watering multiple battery cells is also provided.

Abstract: An automatic shut-off valve suitable for watering of batteries is disclosed. The valve is formed by a chamber having an inlet and an outlet. A seat surrounds the outlet. A spring biased piston within the cylinder is movable into and out of sealing engagement with the seat to open and close the valve. A flow deflecting surface is positioned between the inlet and the piston. Water flow is directed around the piston to eliminate drag that would force the piston into engagement with the seat. A second deflector surface directs flow against the piston to bias it open. An actuator cup, fed by a nozzle extending from the outlet, draws the piston into engagement with the seat when the cup is sealed by engagement with the electrolyte surface. The valve may also employ a float actuator connected to the piston.

Abstract: A catalyst device for use with battery cells to recombine oxygen and hydrogen gas and thereby improve the performance and life of such cells. The catalyst device has the ability to filter out catalyst poisons and control the temperature of the recombination reactions. A container houses the catalyst within a chamber. A catalyst poison filter is provided in the chamber with the catalyst. The movement of gas and vapor to and from the chamber is controlled by a microporous section of the device. The pore size is chosen to allow gas and vapor to pass, but not liquids, and to also prevent a flame from passing through. Within these parameters the pore size can also be chosen to control and or limit the amount of gas that can pass through to the catalyst in a given time period. Preferably, the microporous section is formed as a disc that seals an opening in the chamber.

Abstract: A lead acid battery cell having at least two containments, an inner or first containment and an outer or second containment around the inner containment. The inner containment contains the electrolyte. The outer containment is leak proof in its upright position in that it can hold all electrolyte if the inner containment is breached. The outer containment is also fire-proof and explosion proof.

Abstract: A liquid electrolyte battery is disclosed having autonomous watering and electrolyte mixing systems. Watering is effected through a fluid conduit and a valve system mounted on the battery providing fluid communication and flow control between a fluid source and the battery cells. Mixing of the electrolyte is effected by pumping air into the battery cells to prevent acid stratification during charging using an air conduit and air pump mounted on the battery. The fluid conduit provides fluid communication between the air pump and the cells. A controller mounted on the battery receives input signals from various sensors indicative of electrolyte level and charging status and controls the valve system and the air pump to effect watering and electrolyte mixing. A protective cover is mounted on the battery to restrict access to the controller and the air pump.

Abstract: A device and method for promoting the recombination of oxygen and hydrogen in a battery cell. The device, in one form, provides catalyst and heater for heating the catalyst to prevent the liquid water from interfering with the recombination reaction. In another form the device takes the form of a catalyst container having a heater inside of the container.

Abstract: A method of mixing electrolyte in a wet cell battery using a pump to move electrolyte from a first level of said battery to a second level of said battery where the specific weight of the electrolyte is different from that at the first level. A device for mixing the electrolyte using a pump and a battery cell having such a device is also provided. The method of the present invention also provides an embodiment for pumping gas into the cell to mix the electrolyte.

Abstract: A catalyst device for use-with battery cells to recombine oxygen and hydrogen gas and thereby improve the performance and life of such cells. The catalyst device has the ability to filter out catalyst poisons and control the temperature of the recombination reactions. A container houses the catalyst within a chamber. A catalyst poison filter is provided in the chamber with the catalyst. The movement of gas and vapor to and from the chamber is controlled by a microporous section of the device. The pore size is chosen to allow gas and vapor to pass, but not liquids, and to also prevent a flame from passing through. Within these parameters the pore size can also be chosen to control and or limit the amount of gas that can pass through to the catalyst in a given time period. Preferably, the microporous section is formed as a disc that seals an opening in the chamber.

Abstract: A method and device for mixing electrolyte in wet cell batteries having a pair of electrodes immersed in the electrolyte. An electric potential is created across the electrodes to generate hydrogen and oxygen gas bubbles which rise to the surface of the electrolyte, thereby mixing the electrolyte.

Abstract: A catalyst device for use with battery cells to recombine oxygen and hydrogen gas and thereby improve the performance and life of such cells. The catalyst device has the ability to filter out catalyst poisons and control the temperature of the recombination reactions. A container houses the catalyst within a chamber. A catalyst poison filter is provided in the chamber with the catalyst. The movement of gas and vapor to and from the chamber is controlled by a microporous section of the device. The pore size is chosen to allow gas and vapor to pass, but not liquids, and to also prevent a flame from passing through. Within these parameters the pore size can also be chosen to control and or limit the amount of gas that can pass through to the catalyst in a given time period. Preferably, the microporous section is formed as a disc that seals an opening in the chamber.

Abstract: A catalyst device for use with battery cells to recombine oxygen and hydrogen gas and thereby improve the performance and life of such cells. The catalyst device has the ability to filter out catalyst poisons and control the temperature of the recombination reactions. A container houses the catalyst within a chamber. A catalyst poison filter is provided in the chamber with the catalyst. The movement of gas and vapor to and from the chamber is controlled by a microporous section of the device. The pore size is chosen to allow gas and vapor to pass, but not liquids, and to also prevent a flame from passing through. Within these parameters the pore size can also be chosen to control and or limit the amount of gas that can pass through to the catalyst in a given time period. Preferably, the microporous section is formed as a disc that seals an opening in the chamber.

Abstract: In the charging of a valve-regulated, lead-acid (VRLA) cell at a charge voltage which has a value that is slightly in excess of the value of the open-circuit voltage of the cell, wherein, during charging of the cell, there is produced at the positive and negative electrodes respectively oxygen gas and hydrogen gas in a predetermined amount, and wherein the negative electrode tends to discharge over a prolonged period of time during charging, the improvement comprising inhibiting the tendency of the negative electrode to discharge during charging by controlling the amount of oxygen gas in the cell by catalytically converting a portion of the oxygen gas and a portion of the predetermined amount of hydrogen gas to water, for example, by use of a catalyst positioned in the cell.

Abstract: In the charging of a valve-regulated, lead-acid (VRLA) cell at a charge voltage which has a value that is slightly in excess of the value of the open-circuit voltage of the cell, wherein, during charging of the cell, there is produced at the positive and negative electrodes respectively oxygen gas and hydrogen gas in a predetermined amount, and wherein the negative electrode tends to discharge over a prolonged period of time during charging, the improvement comprising inhibiting the tendency of the negative electrode to discharge during charging by controlling the amount of oxygen gas in the cell by catalytically converting a portion of the oxygen gas and a portion of the predetermined amount of hydrogen gas to water, for example, by use of a catalyst positioned in the cell.

Abstract: A lead acid storage battery cell having a sealed housing in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are immersed in a liquid electrolyte. The negative electrode is partially exposed to a gas space within the battery cell housing. A pressure relief valve allows excess gas to escape the battery cell while preventing air from outside the cell from entering the gas space. Exposing a section of the negative plate to oxygen gas that evolves within the battery and collects in the gas space reduces water consumption of the cell and extends the maintenance-free life of the battery. The addition of a catalyst to recombine oxygen and hydrogen offers further improvement.