Abstract: A scrubber for scrubbing at least one pollutant from flue gas includes a first stage configured to provide a chemical oxidant to a stream of flue gas, and a second stage configured to provide a chemical or chemicals to the stream of flue gas, a scrubbing medium recirculation feature configured to continuously recirculate a slurry used in the second stage, and a by-product processing portion configured to remove a by-product from a stream of slurry withdrawn from the scrubber. The by-product includes reaction products of at least one pollutant.

Abstract: A scrubber for scrubbing at least one pollutant from flue gas includes a first stage configured to provide a chemical oxidant to a stream of flue gas, and a second stage configured to provide a chemical or chemicals to the stream of flue gas, a scrubbing medium recirculation feature configured to continuously recirculate a slurry used in the second stage, and a by-product processing portion configured to remove a by-product from a stream of slurry withdrawn from the scrubber. The by-product includes reaction products of at least one pollutant.

Abstract: A creature animat movement, tracking and detection model in combination with a source stimulus propagation model to quantify expected levels of stimulus dosages in a virtual environment as well as the relative effectiveness of detection sensors in the same virtual environment. The method compensates for the inherent variability and uncertainty of input data related to creature animats, their detection and tracking and stimulus propagation. Preferably, the compensation is accomplished by selecting a random value from the input variable distribution and running the model as if it were deterministic. The method may be run wholly random, wholly deterministic or in combination. The method is controlled by a master clock insuring the correct simultaneous coincidence of animat locations, stimuli and detection signals. Repitition of running with random values yields a significant distribution that allows for application of statistical measures to account for the inherent variability and uncertainty.

Abstract: In a cooperative combination of two scrubbing systems, the first scrubbing system operates upon combustion gases with an aqueous solution to remove hydrogen chloride gas and other chlorine components. The second scrubbing system subsequently operates upon the combustion gases with a sodium-base solution to absorb sulfur oxides. The products of the two scrubbing systems are treated in combination to form a material for disposal and to generate the aqueous scrubbing solution for the chloride scrubbing system.