Abstract: A method for increasing the efficacy of hydrophobically modified (meth)acrylic based polymers to increase the critical micelle concentration of a surfactant composition by attenuating the degree of neutralization (DN) of the polymer is disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to latex polymers and blends of such latex polymers used to produce articles having superior electrostatic dissipative properties. The polymers and blends comprise one or more (1) polymers, in latex, or dispersion form, of (a) at least one reactive macromer of at least one alkylene oxide having at least one functional group capable of free-radical transformation, (b) optionally, at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer having at least one carboxylic acid group, and (c) optionally, one or more free radically polymerizable comonomers, and (2) one or more other polymer latexes or dispersions of such polymers as natural rubber, conjugated-diene-containing polymers, hydrogenated styrene-butadiene triblock copolymers, chlorosulfonated polyethylenes, ethylene copolymers, acrylic and/or methacrylic ester copolymers, vinyl chloride copolymers, vinylidene chloride copolymers, polyisobutylenes, polyurethanes, polyureas, and poly-urethane-urea)s.

Abstract: An alkaline mixture of a cross-linked carboxylic acid copolymer having improved performance under alkaline conditions, such as a pH of 10 or higher which is a copolymer of a monomeric mixture of 6.5 to 97 phr of a carboxylic acid and 0.5 to 30 phr of an N-substituted acrylamide, such as isopropyl acrylamide, diacetone acrylamide, t-octylacrylamide, or t-butylacrylamide, which copolymer is cross-linked with 0.05 to 5 percent by weight based upon the weight of the copolymer of a polyunsaturated cross-linking agent, and an alkali or alkaline earth hydroxide, carbonate, phosphate or amine.

Abstract: An interpolymer of at least one olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid containing at least one activated carbon-to-carbon olefinic double bond and at least one carboxyl group, in an amount of more than 15% by weight based upon the weight of the interpolymer, and at least one steric stabilizer surfactant having at least one hydrophilic moiety and at least one hydrophobic moiety and a linear block or a random comb configuration, or mixtures thereof, made by polymerizing olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomers in an organic media, in the presence of free a radical forming catalyst, and the steric stabilizer.

Abstract: Reactive multifunctional imide monomers have been discovered from which radiation curable oligomers and polymers may be derived. The reactive imide monomers have at least one functional group which is polymerizable under free radical or ionic polymerization conditions with other similar functional groups. However, the same functional group and reaction product derived therefrom is substantially not subject to cleavage by oxidation or hydrolysis. The reactive imide monomer also contains at least one other functional group which remains intact under the above-described polymerization conditions to form a part of a side chain of the resultant polymer and will cross-link or cure by 2+2 cyclo-addition with other like functional groups upon irradiation.

Abstract: An interpolymer of at least one olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid containing at least one activated carbon-to-carbon olefinic double bond and at least one carboxyl group, in an amount of more than 15% by weight based upon the weight of the interpolymer, and at least one steric stabilizer surfactant having at least one hydrophilic moiety and at least one hydrophobic moiety and a linear block or a random comb configuration, or mixtures thereof, made by polymerizing olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomers in an organic media, in the presence of free a radical forming catalyst, and the steric stabilizer.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a reactive diluent comprising a backbone portion and a pendant group portion. The backbone portion comprises at least two polymerizable sites, and the pendant group portion comprising a functional group having the following formula: ##STR1## wherein Z is an ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl group containing from 2 to about 12 carbon atoms and wherein said pendant group is capable of a (2+2) cyclo-addition with another like pendant group of the above formula. The chain extending reaction site is preferably used in a polymerization reaction to provide a polymeric material, and the cross-linking reactive site is preferably used to create cross-linking as needed or desired.

Abstract: Addition of a secondary scale inhibitor is made to a water medium containing a primary phosphonate scale inhibitor to inhibit precipitation of insoluble calcium phosphonates which are formed by the reaction of calcium in the water medium with the primary scale inhibitor thus forming insoluble calcium phosphonate. The secondary scale inhibitor has the function of inhibiting precipitation of such insoluble calcium phosphonates. The secondary scale inhibitor is a copolymer of an acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid with one or more of a principal comonomer selected from substituted acrylamides, alkoxyalkyl acrylates, substituted and unsubstituted alkyl acrylates, acrylamido alkane sulfonic acids, hydroxyalkyl acrylates, alkyl itaconates, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: An antiscalant admixture is disclosed of a homopolymer of maleic acid or a copolymer and a phosphonoalkane carboxylic acid for reducing scaling in an aqueous system wherein the weight ratio of said copolymer to said phosphonic acid is 5:1 to 1:5, wherein molecular weight of said copolymer is 2,000 to 20,000, and wherein said polymer is composed of at least two of the comonomers selected from monounsaturated monocarboxylic and dicarboxylic acids of 3 to 5 carbon atoms, water-soluble salts thereof, and alkyl esters thereof of 1 to 6 carbon atoms in said alkyl groups; substituted acrylamides; acrylamidoalkane sulfonic acids and water-soluble salts thereof; vinyl sulfonic acid and water-soluble salts thereof; hydroxyalkyl acrylates with 2 to 4 carbons in the alkylene group; styrene sulfonic acids and water-soluble salts thereof; allyloxyhydroxyalkane sulfonic acids and water-soluble salts; vinyl carboxylates; polymerized vinyl alcohols and water-soluble salts thereof; and mixtures of such comonomers.

Abstract: The copolymers are effective in stabilizing iron in solution and as antiscalants in the presence of soluble iron, the copolymers are used in amount of 1 to 200 ppm, have molecular weight of about 1,000 to 50,000, and are prepared by polymerizing 40 to 95 weight parts of an acrylic acid with 5 to 60 weight parts of a substituted acrylamide.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing a random copolymer which consists essentially of a copolymer of (i) acrylic acid or methacrylic acid (together "(meth)acrylic"), (ii) acrylamide or methacrylamide (together "(meth)acrylamide"), and (iii) an alkoxyalkyl (meth)acrylate ester ("AAE") present in specified relative proportions. The copolymer is made in alcohol or a mixture of alcohol and water in the presence of an effective amount of initiator, without making a homopolymer or copolymer which is insoluble in water. The random copolymer need not be, and is not separated from the polymerization reaction mixture which is soluble in water, and is surprisingly effective in the treatment of industrial process water used in recirculating water systems, particularly with respect to inhibiting the deposition of calcium phosphate on surfaces of equipment used in such systems.

Abstract: In a method for inhibiting scale formation, a random copolymer which consists essentially of a copolymer of (i) acrylic acid or methacrylic acid (together "(meth)acrylic"), (ii) acrylamide or methacrylamide (together "(meth)acrylamide"), and (iii) an alkoxyalkyl (meth)acrylate ester ("AAE") present in specified relative proportions, is soluble in water, and is surprisingly effective in the treatment of industrial process water used in recirculating water systems, particularly with respect to inhibiting the deposition of calcium phosphate on surfaces of equipment used in such systems.

Abstract: In a preferred embodiment, this invention relates to a method for inhibiting formation of phosphate scale in water systems by the addition of a threshold amount of a water-soluble copolymer of 40 to 95 weight parts of an acrylic acid with 5 to 60 parts of a substituted acrylamide, based on a total of 100 parts of polymerized monomers.

Abstract: Copolymers which are substantially completely soluble in water at the low concentration in which they are used to treat process water, include copolymers of acrylic acid ("AA") or methacrylic acid ("MAA") and salts thereof (together referred to herein as "(meth)acrylic acid", and for brevity as "(M)AA"), and a lower alkenyl carboxylate ("LAC") such as vinyl acetate or propionate, optionally together with a salt of a lower alkenyl sulfonate ("SLAS"). Typical copolymers are those of (M)AA and vinyl acetate ("VOAc") present in a molar ratio in the range from 95:5 to about 60:40; and those of (M)AA, VOAc and sodium vinyl sulfonate ("SVS") in a molar ratio in the range from 95:4.9:0.1 to about 50:25:25. If desired, the foregoing copolymers may be hydrolyzed for use as their hydrolyzates, or the copolymers may be at least partially hydrolyzed, prior to or, during use as for example when used in alkaline boiler water systems.

Abstract: A random copolymer which consists essentially of a copolymer of (i) acrylic acid or methacrylic acid (together "(meth)acrylic"), (ii) acrylamide or methacrylamide (together "(meth)acrylamide"), and (iii) and alkoxyalkyl (meth)acrylate ester ("AAE") present in specified relative proportions, is soluble in water, and is surprisingly effective in the treatment of industrial process water used in recirculating water systems, particularly with respect to inhibiting the deposition of calcium phosphate on surfaces of equipment used in such systems.

Abstract: A two-step process is disclosed for preparing an essentially non-crosslinked random copolymer of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with esters of the acids which esters are formed by reaction with an alkylene oxide. Raw materials are (meth)acrylic acid and alkylene oxide. In a first step, a predetermined amount of a particular esterification catalyst is used, and with close control of process conditions, the (meth)acrylic acid yields both mono- and polyalkoxylated esters. In the second step polymerization is effected without separating the esterification catalyst or purifying the esters formed. The resulting random copolymer formed consists essentially of a terpolymer of (i) acrylic acid or methacrylic acid (together "(meth)acrylic"), (ii) a hydroxymonoalkylated (meth)acrylate, and (iii) a hydroxypolyalkyleneoxylated (meth)acrylate the monomeric moieties being present in specified relative proportions.

Abstract: A "one pot" process is taught for the preparation of a water-soluble interpolymer starting with acrylic acid or methacrylic acid or mixtures thereof, and a lower aliphatic alcohol. The process comprises concurrently converting the lower carboxylic acid to an ester, and polymerizing reactants and reaction products under reflux conditions in the copresence of a strongly acid esterification catalyst and a free radical initiator for the polymerization; and, recovering the copolymer. In the reaction mixture there is simultaneous formation (i) of water, the removal of which determines the amount of ester formed, and (ii) of polymer. The initiator survives the strongly acid esterification catalyst, and polymerization is not adversely affected by the formation of water and the presence of the esterification catalyst, despite elevated temperature conditions.

Abstract: The compositions are formed as the reaction product, preferably in an organic solvent, of phosphorous acid or PCl.sub.3 and a water-soluble carboxyl polymer. A precursor of phosphorous acid, which precursor is capable of generating phosphorous acid in aqueous solution, may be used, and preferably, the water-soluble carboxyl polymer has a relatively low molecular weight, preferably in the range from about 400 to about 6000. The molar ratio of the reactants, namely of carboxyl polymer, calculated as carboxyl groups to phosphorous acid is in the range from about 10:1 to about 1:1. The carboxyl polymer, such as polyacrylic acid, may be derived from an .alpha.,.beta.-olefinically unsaturated monomer having a carboxyl group, or the carboxyl polymer such as an acid anhydride polymer may be derived from a monomer readily converted to one having a carboxylic acid group.