Abstract: A fluid mixer arrangement such as for mixing fluid concentrates with water to produce a mixture available on a demand basis. One embodiment includes two such mixing arrangements particularly suited to semiautomatically provide separate fixer and developer fluid mixtures for film development. In each mixer arrangement, bottles of liquid chemicals are positioned in inverted fashion above a tank with hydraulically operated piercing knives located to pierce the caps of the bottles to replenish the chemical mixture in the tank. When the mixture of fluid in the tank reaches a certain minimum level, a secondary float permits a valve to open, coupling pressurized tap water to cylinders to activate the piercing knives and also to permit water flow into the tank. A primary float closes the valve when the fluid mixture in the tank reaches its desired high level.

Abstract: In the method for fabrication of water-cooled composite nozzle and bucket hardware for high temperature gas turbines, a high thermal conductivity copper alloy is applied, employing a high velocity/low pressure (HV/LP) plasma arc spraying process, to an assembly comprising a structural framework of copper alloy or a nickel-based super alloy, or combination of the two, and overlying cooling tubes. The copper alloy is plamsa sprayed to a coating thickness sufficient to completely cover the cooling tubes, and to allow for machining back of the copper alloy to create a smooth surface having a thickness of from 0.010 inch (0.254 mm) to 0.150 inch (3.18 mm) or more. The layer of copper applied by the plasma spraying has no continuous porosity, and advantageously may readily be employed to sustain a pressure differential during hot isostatic pressing (HIP) bonding of the overall structure to enhance bonding by solid state diffusion between the component parts of the structure.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a composite nozzle for water-cooled, high temperature gas turbines is provided wherein the nozzle comprises a thermally conducting copper core, a top endwall, a bottom endwall, metal tubing through which water may pass embedded in and extending through the core and into the endwalls and a preformed cladding to protect the nozzle against corrosion. The method utilizes hot isostatic pressure to diffusion bond the nozzle components into an assembly and bond the corrosion resistant cladding to the outer surface of the assembly.

Abstract: A method of applying a duplex sheet cladding to a structural substrate is disclosed. The method utilizes hot isostatic pressure with molten glass as a pressure transmitting medium. An inner sheet cladding of aluminum is formed over the substrate and then an outer MCrAlY sheet cladding is assembled thereon which completely envelops and seals the inner cladding. Thereafter the duplex cladding is diffusion bonded to the substrate at elevated pressures and temperatures in accordance with a programmed time-temperature hot isostatic pressure cycle.

Abstract: Sheet cladding is applied to a substrate by applying powdered glass to the seams of the cladding after it has been assembled to the substrate. A vacuum at which the glass can be melted without decomposition is established and the glass is melted in the presence of preselected gas. Thereafter, the sheet cladding and the substrate are diffusion bonded.

Abstract: A method of fabricating complex, composite components for water-cooled, high temperature gas turbines is provided. The method utilizes hot isostatic pressure with molten glass as a pressure transmitting medium. Metal tubing and cladding are bonded to a component core under conditions such that the ends of the tubing extend above the molten glass whereby the pressure inside and outside of the tubing is maintained at equilibrium to prevent collapsing thereof during the application of hot isostatic pressure.

Abstract: Austenitic alloys are disclosed which consist of iron, nickel, cobalt, chromium, aluminum, and yttrium, and articles utilizing these alloys are described such as claddings for gas turbine buckets. The substitution of selected quantities of nickel or nickel and cobalt in prior art ferrous alloys, together with the use of rather high levels of chromium, yields articles having excellent high-temperature strength, oxidation and hot corrosion resistance, and diffusion and thermal expansion compatibility with superalloy substrates.

Abstract: A method is provided for fabricating complex composite components for water-cooled, high temperature gas turbines. Each component comprises a core, a thermally conducting layer of copper bonded to the core, metal tubing through which water may pass embedded in and bonded to the layer, and a corrosion resistant cladding. The method utilizes powder metallurgy techniques to form the thermally conducting layer and hot isostatic pressure to bond the corrosion resistant cladding spar and tubes to said layer.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for metallurgically bonding a protective sheet cladding to a convex-concave substrate such as an airfoil or turbine blade. According to the method of the invention, a preassembled sheet cladding and substrate is masked at all seams. The masked assembly is then placed in a deformable container with the remaining volume filled with glass chips. The container is thereafter outgassed and sealed air-tight. The container is then placed in a hot gas autoclave for diffusion bonding. During the diffusion bonding step, the glass melts and the container deforms thereby ensuring an isostatic stress state. The bonded clad-substrate is subsequently removed from the container for final cleaning.