Abstract: Provided herein is a composition, a method, and a system for delivering a functional molecule to the cytosol of a cell, comprising a liposome configured to be taken into a cell, including by a process selected from the group consisting of endocytosis, pinocytosis or phagocytosis, the liposome comprising a phase transforming liquid with vapor pressure capable of forming a gas at low pressure, said liquid being associated with the liposome, and the liposome further comprising at least one functional molecule selected from the group consisting of a therapeutic molecule, a detectable label, and a targeting molecule.

Abstract: The present invention provides divided-end artificial limbs and methods for making divided-end artificial limbs that are inexpensive, simple, and customizable. A limb is formed by dividing an end of an elongated shaft member into extending prongs that are shaped into custom lengths and curvatures. Furthermore, the method of the present invention provides affixing a sole plate to the limb, reinforcement of the prongs by nesting additional prongs within the elongated shaft member, dividing the proximal end of the shaft member into circumferentially spaced-apart fingers, and dividing a midsection of the shaft member into circumferentially spaced-apart flexing vanes. The present invention also provides that the prongs may be further modified by division into toe and heel extensions or by wrapping a prong around another prong to form a sole. Methods of reducing stress concentration using bolts and stress relief holes in these limbs are also presented.

Abstract: The present invention provides divided-end artificial limbs and methods for making divided-end artificial limbs that that are inexpensive, simple, and customizable. A limb is formed by dividing an end of an elongated shaft member into extending prongs that are shaped into custom lengths and curvatures. Furthermore, the method of the present invention provides affixing a sole plate to the limb, reinforcement of the prongs by nesting additional prongs within the elongated shaft member, dividing the proximal end of the shaft member into circumferentially spaced-apart fingers, and dividing a midsection of the shaft member into circumferentially spaced-apart flexing vanes. The present invention also provides that the prongs may be further modified by division into toe and heel extensions or by wrapping a prong around another prong to form a sole. Methods of reducing stress concentration using bolts and stress relief holes in these limbs are also presented.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for applying and utilizing a water-soluble polymer on a surface to provide desirable properties, attributes and/or characteristics to the surface. In a first embodiment, the water-soluble polymer at least partially fills one or more pores of a fluoropolymer or a porous metal. In a second implementation, the water-soluble polymer is mixed into a base material and the mixture is applied as a coating layer onto the surface. Where the surface is an electrosurgical electrode tip, the desirable properties, attributes and/or characteristics may include the ability to attract water that assists in cooling and/or lubricating the tip, to create a low shear, sacrificial layer that protects and enhances the tip, to supply a radical scavenger or inhibitor that reduces damage at the tip, and/or to deposit factors, such as healing factors, from the tip onto one or more contact surfaces of the patient's body.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed in which a micelle is stabilized against degradation upon dilution. The micelle comprises molecules of a block polymer having a hydrophobic block and a hydrophilic block. The hydrophobic block forms a core of the micelle with corona from the hydrophilic block. The methods for stabilizing the core are (1) by chemically cross-linking, (2) incorporating a hydrophobic oil (vegetable oil) in the core to render it more hydrophobic and stable, and (3) incorporating a cross-linked interpenetrating network of a stimuli-responsive hydrogel into the core. The hydrogel is responsive to any stimuli, but preferably temperature or pH. A substance such as, drugs, can be incorporated into the dense inner core of the micelles. When subjected to ultrasound, the micelles release the substance, and then reversibly revert to a stable dense core and re-encapsulating the substance when the ultrasound is turned off.

Abstract: A method of increasing the growth rate of procaryotic and eucaryotic cells in culture is provided. The method teaches the exposure of the cells in culture to ultrasound of a selected frequency and intensity during incubation to improve cell growth. According to the methods of the invention, the frequency of the ultrasound may be from about 20 kHz to about 1 MHz, and the intensity of the ultrasound may be from about 1 mW/cm2 to about 5 mW/cm2.

Abstract: Accelerated impact testing apparatus which simulates the dynamic strain in golf clubs, shafts and other specimens by rapidly transferring kinetic energy to the specimen from an instrumented tup that is free to rebound. The specimen is held in place by two holding fixtures uniquely designed to provide the appropriate boundary and support conditions for the transient strain to propagate in a manner similar to that of the actual application e.g. a golf club striking a ball. Force applied to the tup is generated by compressing a spring to a predetermined length and releasing its energy through a rapidly actuated latch. Actual force applied as a function of time is measured by a load cell located in the tup and the tup velocity just prior to impact is computed from a velocity sensor signal. Acceleration of the impact event is also recorded as well as strain levels in the shaft.

Abstract: Accelerated impact testing apparatus which simulates the dynamic strain in golf clubs, shafts and other specimens by rapidly transferring kinetic energy to the specimen from an instrumented tup that is free to rebound. The specimen is held in place by two holding fixtures uniquely designed to provide the appropriate boundary and support conditions for the transient strain to propagate in a manner similar to that of the actual application e.g. a golf club striking a ball. Force applied to the tup is generated by compressing a spring to a predetermined length and releasing its energy through a rapidly actuated latch. Actual force applied as a function of time is measured by a load cell located in the tup and the tup velocity just prior to impact is computed from a velocity sensor signal. Acceleration of the impact event is also recorded as well as strain levels in the shaft.

Abstract: A method for the multiplex sequencing on DNA is disclosed which comprises the electroblotting or specific base terminated DNA fragments, which have been resolved by gel electrophoresis, onto the surface of a neutral non-aromatic polymeric microporous membrane exhibiting low background fluorescence which has been surface modified to contain amino groups. Polypropylene membranes are preferably and the introduction of amino groups is accomplished by subjecting the membrane to radio or microwave frequency plasma discharge in the presence of an aminating agent, preferably ammonia. The membrane, containing physically adsorbed DNA fragments on its surface after the electroblotting, is then treated with crosslinking means such as UV radiation or a glutaraldehyde spray to chemically bind the DNA fragments to the membrane through said smino groups contained on the surface thereof.

Abstract: A device and method for enhancing adhesion between an embedded filler component and surrounding thermoplastic matrix which together form a composite material. The filler component is subjected to plasma discharge and subsequently maintained in an inert environment to protect the treated surface area against premature exposure to reactive substances. While maintained in this inert environment, the treated surface is coated with a thermoplastic polymer and solidified. This coated filler is then capable of processing into composite materials. The device comprises an enclosure which is adapted which includes a containment space and environment control for maintaining inert conditions during application of plasma discharge and coating with thermoplastic polymer.