Abstract: Disclosed herein are layered Heusler alloys. The layered Heusler alloys can comprise a first layer comprising a first Heusler alloy with a face-centered cubic (fcc) crystal structure and a second layer comprising a second Heusler alloy with a fcc crystal structure, the second Heusler alloy being different than the first Heusler alloy, wherein the first layer and the second layer are layered along a layering direction, the layering direction being the [110] or [111] direction of the fcc crystal structure, thereby forming the layered Heusler alloy.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are layered Heusler alloys. The layered Heusler alloys can comprise a first layer comprising a first Heusler alloy with a face-centered cubic (fcc) crystal structure and a second layer comprising a second Heusler alloy with a fcc crystal structure, the second Heusler alloy being different than the first Heusler alloy, wherein the first layer and the second layer are layered along a layering direction, the layering direction being the [110] or [111] direction of the fcc crystal structure, thereby forming the layered Heusler alloy.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are layered Heusler alloys. The layered Heusler alloys can comprise a first layer comprising a first Heusler alloy with a face-centered cubic (fcc) crystal structure and a second layer comprising a second Heusler alloy with a fcc crystal structure, the second Heusler alloy being different than the first Heusler alloy, wherein the first layer and the second layer are layered along a layering direction, the layering direction being the [110] or [111] direction of the fcc crystal structure, thereby forming the layered Heusler alloy.

Abstract: A magnetic junction usable in a magnetic device and a method for providing the magnetic junction are described. The magnetic junction includes a free layer, a reference layer and nonmagnetic spacer layer between the free and reference layers. At least one of the free and reference layers includes at least one Heusler multilayer. Each of the at least one Heusler multilayer includes a plurality of Heusler adjoining layers that at least one interface. The Heusler layers include a plurality of Heusler alloys, have a plurality of lattice parameters and have a plurality of coefficients of thermal expansion. The magnetic junction is configured such that the free layer is switchable between stable magnetic states when a write current is passed through the magnetic junction.

Abstract: A magnetic logic cell includes a first electrode portion, a magnetic portion arranged on the first electrode, the magnetic portion including an anti-ferromagnetic material or a ferrimagnetic material, a dielectric portion arranged on the magnetic portion, and a second electrode portion arranged on the dielectric portion.

Abstract: A magnetic logic cell includes a first electrode portion, a magnetic portion arranged on the first electrode, the magnetic portion including an anti-ferromagnetic material or a ferrimagnetic material, a dielectric portion arranged on the magnetic portion, and a second electrode portion arranged on the dielectric portion.

Abstract: A magnetic junction usable in a magnetic device and a method for providing the magnetic junction are described. The magnetic junction includes a free layer, a reference layer and nonmagnetic spacer layer between the free and reference layers. At least one of the free and reference layers includes at least one Heusler multilayer. Each of the at least one Heusler multilayer includes a plurality of Heusler adjoining layers that at least one interface. The Heusler layers include a plurality of Heusler alloys, have a plurality of lattice parameters and have a plurality of coefficients of thermal expansion. The magnetic junction is configured such that the free layer is switchable between stable magnetic states when a write current is passed through the magnetic junction.

Abstract: A magnetic logic cell includes a first electrode portion, a magnetic portion arranged on the first electrode, the magnetic portion including an anti-ferromagnetic material or a ferrimagnetic material, a dielectric portion arranged on the magnetic portion, and a second electrode portion arranged on the dielectric portion.

Abstract: A method and system provide a magnetic junction. A free layer, a symmetry filter, and a pinned layer are provided. The free layer has a magnetic moment switchable between stable states when a write current is passed through the magnetic junction. The symmetry filter transmits charge carriers having a first symmetry with higher probability than charge carriers having another symmetry. The symmetry filter resides between the free layer and the pinned layer. The free layer and/or the pinned layer lies in a plane, has the charge carriers of the first symmetry in a spin channel at a Fermi level, lacks the charge carriers of the first symmetry at the Fermi level in another spin channel, and has a nonzero magnetic moment component perpendicular to the plane. The free layer and/or the pinned layer and the symmetry filter has at least one lattice mismatch of less than seven percent.

Abstract: A magnetic logic cell includes a first electrode portion, a magnetic portion arranged on the first electrode, the magnetic portion including an anti-ferromagnetic material or a ferrimagnetic material, a dielectric portion arranged on the magnetic portion, and a second electrode portion arranged on the dielectric portion.

Abstract: A method and system for providing a magnetic junction usable in a magnetic device are described. The magnetic junction includes a pinned layer, a nonmagnetic spacer layer, and a free layer. The nonmagnetic spacer layer is between the pinned layer and the free layer. The free layer has a magnetic anisotropy, at least a portion of which is a biaxial anisotropy. The magnetic junction is configured such that the free layer is switchable between a plurality of stable magnetic states when a write current is passed through the magnetic junction.

Abstract: A method and system for providing a magnetic junction usable in a magnetic device are described. The magnetic junction includes a pinned layer, a nonmagnetic spacer layer, and a free layer. The nonmagnetic spacer layer is between the pinned layer and the free layer. The free layer has a magnetic anisotropy, at least a portion of which is a biaxial anisotropy. The magnetic junction is configured such that the free layer is switchable between a plurality of stable magnetic states when a write current is passed through the magnetic junction.

Abstract: A method and system provide a magnetic junction. A free layer, a symmetry filter, and a pinned layer are provided. The free layer has a magnetic moment switchable between stable states when a write current is passed through the magnetic junction. The symmetry filter transmits charge carriers having a first symmetry with higher probability than charge carriers having another symmetry. The symmetry filter resides between the free layer and the pinned layer. The free layer and/or the pinned layer lies in a plane, has the charge carriers of the first symmetry in a spin channel at a Fermi level, lacks the charge carriers of the first symmetry at the Fermi level in another spin channel, and has a nonzero magnetic moment component perpendicular to the plane. The free layer and/or the pinned layer and the symmetry filter has at least one lattice mismatch of less than seven percent.

Abstract: A method and system for providing a magnetic junction are described. The method and system include providing a free layer, a symmetry filter, and a pinned layer. The free layer has a first magnetic moment switchable between stable states when a write current is passed through the magnetic junction. The symmetry filter transmits charge carriers having a first symmetry with higher probability than charge carriers having another symmetry. The pinned layer has a second magnetic moment pinned in a direction. The symmetry filter resides between the free layer and the pinned layer. At least one of the free layer and the pinned layer lies in a plane, has the charge carriers of the first symmetry in a spin channel at a Fermi level, lacks the charge carriers of the first symmetry at the Fermi level in another spin channel, and has a nonzero magnetic moment component perpendicular to the plane.

Abstract: A CPP spin-valve element formed on a substrate including a free layer structure including at least one ferromagnetic layer and a pinned layer structure including at least one ferromagnetic layer. The free layer is magnetically softer than the pinned layer. A thin non-magnetic spacer layer structure configured to separate the free layer and the pinned layer is provided in order to prevent a magnetic coupling between the free and pinned layer structures, and to allow an electric current to go there through. At least two current-confining (CC) layer structures including at least two parts having significantly different current conductivities are incorporated therein.

Abstract: A control unit affixed to an adjustable stand mounted on a platform on wheels, has an electrical on/off switch which controls the vacuum pump of the extractor unit, a brake fluid and air extractor control valve which controls the flow of air and brake fluid being extracted from the master cylinder and brake system, a brake fluid application control valve which controls the flow of brake fluid (free of air) from the brake fluid reservoir container (with bracket) affixed on top of the control unit, a vacuum meter indicator which indicates the amount of vacuum present, and a master cylinder brake reservoir top with U-bolt which fit securely over the master cylinder of an automobile or truck. The control unit is connected to the master cylinder brake reservoir top by a heavy duty dual function extractor/application hose. The master cylinder brake reservoir top can be modified to fit other motor vehicles.

Abstract: By a combination of a slump indicator calibrated for each of the several particular trucks in a system of concrete mixer transport trucks and a particularly readily locatable dynamically balanced emergency power unit, the contents of the drum or mixer of a disabled concrete mixer truck are mixed and/or tested and/or treated and/or discharged as needed.