Abstract: A method for the in vitro biosynthesis of proteins in native conformation which improves the technique which is well known in the art by immobilizing on the surface of an affinity matrix at discrete locations a ligand for which the protein being synthesized has an affinity and adding to the reaction mixture said affinity matrix having said immobilized ligand so that each molecule that is in the process of folding into a functional protein molecule may bind an immobilized ligand and be kept separated from other protein molecules as the folding proceeds. The technique works with either a batch method or a continuous method.

Abstract: The fluorocarbon surface of a solid or liquid support is activated with a highly fluorinated isocyanate-modified ligand or with a reactive poly(fluoroalkyl) sugar reagent containing a polyhydroxy sugar to which are attached a plurality of fluoroalkyl anchor groups, a reactive group and optionally a spacer. The activated support has application in separation of biomolecules, immobilization of biomolecules, heterogeneous diagnostic assays, and biosensors. An enzyme or other biomolecule is immobilized by contacting the activated support surface with the enzyme in the presence of a surfactant. The surfactant is preferably a neutral surfactant such as a fluoroalkyl-polyoxyethylene.