Abstract: A reference electrode is disclosed, comprised of a ceramic housing comprised of a bottom and a sidewall means extending from the bottom to a cylindrical housing top to define an inner channel. The channel contains a silver electrode extending therefrom and a deposit of a silver salt. The housing having a bore substantially radial to the axis of the housing extending through oppositely facing sidewall means, and a ceramic rod configured to fit in the bore and form a friction bond is positioned in the bore to form an annular junction that permits transfer of ions across the junction. Means for electrically isolating the silver electrode are mounted on the housing top.

Abstract: The reference electrode, which is physically removed from the sensing electrode, is functionally connected by means of a Ringer's solution formulation serving as an electrolyte bridge between the reference electrode and the fluid or tissue of the patient under test.

Abstract: An orificial restrictor for use in a ballasting system for an underwater icle utilizing a plurality of multi-holed orifice plates set in series within a casing. A hollow cylinder is slidably positioned within the casing and carries fluid supplied through an inlet in the case. A spring biases the cylinder toward the inlet and fluid pressures opposes the spring force to move the cylinder away from the inlet whereby the hollow cylinder automatically positions itself with pressure changes to control the number of orifice plates subject to flow.

Abstract: A hydrodynamically balanced quiet control valve for a submarine (underwater ehicle) hovering system. The valve has a cylindrical valve element within a four-port valve housing. The interior of the valve element is divided into three chambers by a pair of parallel partitions extending lengthwise of the element and equally spaced from the element axis. Apertures in the cylindrical wall of the element are arranged, in cooperation with the partitions, to produce substantially constant total flow resistance through the valve when installed in the system, regardless of the angular rotation of the cylindrical valve element. A hover computer controls the angular position of the element in response to sensed pressure variations from the pressure at a preselected hovering depth.