Abstract: Systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide a battery including a rolling diaphragm configured to move to accommodate an internal volume change of one or more components of the battery. Systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide a battery housing including a rolling diaphragm seal disposed between an interior volume of the battery and an electrode assembly within the battery. Various embodiments may provide an air electrode assembly including an air electrode supported on a buoyant platform such that the air electrode is above a surface of a volume of electrolyte when the buoyant platform is floating in the electrolyte.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell and battery system including cells, each cell including a catholyte, an anolyte, and a separator disposed between the catholyte and anolyte and that is permeable to the at least one ionic species (for example, a metal cation or the hydroxide ion). The catholyte solution includes a ferricyanide, permanganate, manganate, sulfur, and/or polysulfide compound, and the anolyte includes a sulfide and/or polysulfide compound. These electrochemical couples may be embodied in various physical architectures, including static (non-flowing) architectures or in flow battery (flowing) architectures.

Abstract: The present disclosure is generally related to separators for use in lithium metal batteries, and associated systems and products. Certain embodiments are related to separators that form or are repaired when an electrode is held at a voltage. In some embodiments, an electrochemical cell may comprise an electrolyte that comprises a precursor for the separator.

Abstract: A carbon-oxygen battery system, including: a Boudouard reactor in fluid communication with an electrochemical cell, wherein the electrochemical cell has a CO/CO2 inlet, a CO/CO2 outlet, and an oxygen outlet, and wherein the CO/CO2 outlet is fluidly connected by a first stream to an inlet of the Boudouard reactor, and wherein the CO/CO2 inlet is fluidly connected by a second stream to an outlet of the Boudouard reactor; and a CO/CO2 tank fluidly connected to at least one of the first stream or the second stream.

Abstract: Systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide a refuelable battery for the power grid to provide a sustainable, cost-effective, and/or operationally efficient solution to energy source variability and/or energy demand variability. In particular, the systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide a refuelable primary battery solution that addresses bulk seasonal energy storage needs, variable demand needs, and other challenges.

Abstract: A metal-air battery including: a current collector; a metal electrode including a metal and contacting the current collector; an air electrode on the metal electrode and opposite the current collector; a solid electrolyte between the metal electrode and the air electrode; a discharge product of the metal on the air electrode; wherein the metal-air battery is configured to release the discharge product.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein relate generally to methods for the remediation of electrochemical cell electrodes. In some embodiments, a method includes obtaining an electrode material. At least a portion of the electrode material is rinsed to remove a residue therefrom. The electrode material is separated into constituents for reuse.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and device of the various embodiments may support energy storage devices in which electrochemical oxidation and reduction of one or more redox-active oxyanions occurs during charging and/or discharging of the energy storage device.

Abstract: Systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide bifacial sealed gas diffusion electrode (GDE) assemblies. In some embodiments, a bifacial sealed gas diffusion electrode (GDE) assembly includes active electrode layers on two opposing sides of the assembly. Various embodiments may provide architecture and/or sealing methods for GDE assemblies. In various embodiments, the GDE assemblies may be for use in devices. In various embodiments, the devices may be primary or secondary batteries. In various embodiments, these devices may be useful for energy storage. For example, bifacial sealed GDE assemblies of the various embodiments may form cathode electrodes (sometimes called air electrodes) of a battery, such as a metal-air battery.

Abstract: Various embodiments provide a battery, a bulk energy storage system including the battery, and/or a method of operating the bulk energy storage system including the battery. In various embodiment, the battery may include a first electrode, an electrolyte, and a second electrode, wherein one or both of the first electrode and the second electrode comprises direct reduced iron (“DRI”). In various embodiments, the DRI may be in the form of pellets. In various embodiments, the pellets may comprise at least about 60 wt % iron by elemental mass, based on the total mass of the pellets. In various embodiments, one or both of the first electrode and the second electrode comprises from about 60% to about 90% iron and from about 1% to about 40% of a component comprising one or more of the materials selected from the group of SiO2, Al2O3, MgO, CaO, and TiO2.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to high-purity iron materials and systems and methods of producing such high-purity iron materials based on cost-effective transformation of low-cost iron feedstocks. In general, the methods of production using the systems described herein may include acid leaching low-purity iron ores to create an iron-rich acid solution, which may be purified to remove residual soluble impurities and hydrolyzed to produce high purity iron oxide powder. The high purity iron oxide powder may be reduced to form high purity iron metal suitable for a variety of end-uses, including use in batteries.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices of various aspects include using tin, antimony, and/or indium as an additive to an electrolyte and/or electrode in an electrochemical system, such as a battery, having an iron-based anode. In some aspects, the addition of tin, antimony, and/or indium may improve cycling of the iron-based anode. Systems, methods, and devices of various aspects include using high hydroxide concentration electrolyte in an electrochemical system, such as a battery. In some aspects, a high hydroxide concentration electrolyte may increase the stored amount of charge stored in the cell (i.e., the capacity of the battery material) and/or decrease the overpotential (i.e., increase the voltage) of the battery.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and device of the various embodiments may support energy storage devices in which electrochemical oxidation and reduction of one or more redox-active oxyanions occurs during charging and/or discharging of the energy storage device.

Abstract: Various embodiments provide a battery, a bulk energy storage system including the battery, and/or a method of operating the bulk energy storage system including the battery. In various embodiment, the battery may include a first electrode, an electrolyte, and a second electrode, wherein one or both of the first electrode and the second electrode comprises direct reduced iron (“DRI”). In various embodiments, the DRI may be in the form of pellets. In various embodiments, the pellets may comprise at least about 60 wt % iron by elemental mass, based on the total mass of the pellets. In various embodiments, one or both of the first electrode and the second electrode comprises from about 60% to about 90% iron and from about 1% to about 40% of a component comprising one or more of the materials selected from the group of SiO2, Al2O3, MgO, CaO, and TiO2.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices of various aspects include using tin and/or antimony as an additive to an electrolyte and/or electrode in an electrochemical system, such as a battery, having an iron-based anode. In some aspects, the addition of tin and/or antimony may improve cycling of the iron-based anode. Systems, methods, and devices of various aspects include using high hydroxide concentration electrolyte in an electrochemical system, such as a battery. In some aspects, a high hydroxide concentration electrolyte may increase the stored amount of charge stored in the cell (i.e., the capacity of the battery material) and/or decrease the overpotential (i.e., increase the voltage) of the battery.

Abstract: Systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide a refuelable battery for the power grid to provide a sustainable, cost-effective, and/or operationally efficient solution to energy source variability and/or energy demand variability. In particular, the systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide a refuelable primary battery solution that addresses bulk seasonal energy storage needs, variable demand needs, and other challenges.

Abstract: Systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide a refuelable battery for the power grid to provide a sustainable, cost-effective, and/or operationally efficient solution to energy source variability and/or energy demand variability. In particular, the systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide a refuelable primary battery solution that addresses bulk seasonal energy storage needs, variable demand needs, and other challenges.

Abstract: Various embodiments provide a battery, a bulk energy storage system including the battery, and/or a method of operating the bulk energy storage system including the battery. In various embodiment, the battery may include a first electrode, an electrolyte, and a second electrode, wherein one or both of the first electrode and the second electrode comprises direct reduced iron (“DRI”). In various embodiments, the DRI may be in the form of pellets. In various embodiments, the pellets may comprise at least about 60 wt % iron by elemental mass, based on the total mass of the pellets. In various embodiments, one or both of the first electrode and the second electrode comprises from about 60% to about 90% iron and from about 1% to about 40% of a component comprising one or more of the materials selected from the group of SiO2, Al2O3, MgO, CaO, and TiO2.

Abstract: Systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide a refuelable battery for the power grid to provide a sustainable, cost-effective, and/or operationally efficient solution to energy source variability and/or energy demand variability. In particular, the systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide a refuelable primary battery solution that addresses bulk seasonal energy storage needs, variable demand needs, and other challenges.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein relate generally to methods for the remediation of electrochemical cell electrodes. In some embodiments, a method includes obtaining an electrode material. At least a portion of the electrode material is rinsed to remove a residue therefrom. The electrode material is separated into constituents for reuse.