Abstract: MicroLED arrays offer a small form factor solution for the HMD image sources since they do not need a separate illumination optics. Features of the present disclosure implement a MicroLED display system that incorporate a plurality of monochrome projectors (e.g., three MicroLED projectors) to generate three monochrome images (e.g., red, blue, and green images) that are separately input into a single waveguide of the HMD and combined to form an image that is displayed to the user. By utilizing a single waveguide that includes a plurality of spatially separated input regions (e.g., a region for inputting blue light, a region for inputting red light, a region for inputting green light), the MicroLED display system of the present disclosure may reduce the form factor of the HMD device because of the reduced number of plates that may be required to combine the three monochrome images.

Abstract: MicroLED arrays offer a small form factor solution for the HMD image sources since they do not need a separate illumination optics. Features of the present disclosure implement a MicroLED display system that incorporate a plurality of monochrome projectors (e.g., three MicroLED projectors) to generate three monochrome images (e.g., red, blue, and green images) that are separately input into a single waveguide of the HMD and combined to form an image that is displayed to the user. By utilizing a single waveguide that includes a plurality of spatially separated input regions (e.g., a region for inputting blue light, a region for inputting red light, a region for inputting green light), the MicroLED display system of the present disclosure may reduce the form factor of the HMD device because of the reduced number of plates that may be required to combine the three monochrome images.

Abstract: A modular cube shaped light emitting diode (LED) luminaire that can be cascaded, or interconnected, to create a larger, higher power LED luminaire that produces more light than the modular LED luminaire is disclosed. Each modular LED luminaire comprises a housing, a heat sink, a power/control circuit board (PCB-A) and an LED circuit board (PCB-B). An optional fan and a metallic heat sink are also enclosed inside the modular LED luminaire housing/shell. The modular LED luminaire provides optical expansion across interconnected modular LED luminaires. The LEDs and heat sinks are easily removable for defect replacement, LED light replacement and upgrade, without uninstalling the entire luminaire. Secondary side processor control of the feedback regulator allows sensor, radio module, user inputs etc. to reside on the “safe” isolated (low voltage) secondary side of the supply can then be used to safely make changes (an allowable UL approval) in the regulated output drive to the LEDs.

Abstract: A modular cube shaped light emitting diode (LED) luminaire that can be cascaded, or interconnected, to create a larger, higher power LED luminaire that produces more light than the modular LED luminaire is disclosed. Each modular LED luminaire comprises a housing, a heat sink, a power/control circuit board (PCB-A) and an LED circuit board (PCB-B). An optional fan and a metallic heat sink are also enclosed inside the modular LED luminaire housing/shell. The modular LED luminaire provides optical expansion across interconnected modular LED luminaires. The LEDs and heat sinks are easily removable for defect replacement, LED light replacement and upgrade, without uninstalling the entire luminaire. Secondary side processor control of the feedback regulator allows sensor, radio module, user inputs etc. to reside on the “safe” isolated (low voltage) secondary side of the supply can then be used to safely make changes (an allowable UL approval) in the regulated output drive to the LEDs.

Abstract: A spatial light modulator comprises an integrated optical compensation structure, e.g., an optical compensation structure arranged between a substrate and a plurality of individually addressable light-modulating elements, or an optical compensation structure located on the opposite side of the light-modulating elements from the substrate. The individually addressable light-modulating elements are configured to modulate light transmitted through or reflected from the transparent substrate. Methods for making such spatial light modulators involve fabricating an optical compensation structure over a substrate and fabricating a plurality of individually addressable light-modulating elements over the optical compensation structure. The optical compensation structure may be a passive optical compensation structure.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for directing light from a remote light source into interferometric modulator structures. Light redirectors, including reflective structures, scattering centers, and fluorescent or phosphorescent material, are used to redirect light from a light source into interferometric modulator structures.

Abstract: This disclosure provides apparatus and methods for mitigating electrostatic discharge (ESD) in display devices. In one aspect, a display device includes an encapsulation substrates having an anti-static coating on one or more of surfaces of the encapsulation substrate. The display devices can include transparent substrates having display elements thereon such that the encapsulation substrate that covers the display elements. The anti-static coating on one or more surfaces of the encapsulation substrate can dissipate charge that may build up during fabrication or operation of the display device. The anti-static coating can be conductive and transparent, with examples of such coatings including transparent conducting oxides (TCOs), thin metal films, thin carbon films, and networks of conductive nanostructures.

Abstract: A spatial light modulator comprises an integrated optical compensation structure, e.g., an optical compensation structure arranged between a substrate and a plurality of individually addressable light-modulating elements, or an optical compensation structure located on the opposite side of the light-modulating elements from the substrate. The individually addressable light-modulating elements are configured to modulate light transmitted through or reflected from the transparent substrate. Methods for making such spatial light modulators involve fabricating an optical compensation structure over a substrate and fabricating a plurality of individually addressable light-modulating elements over the optical compensation structure. The optical compensation structure may be a passive optical compensation structure.

Abstract: A multi-state light modulator comprises a first reflector. A first electrode is positioned at a distance from the first reflector. A second reflector is positioned between the first reflector and the first electrode. The second reflector is movable between an undriven position, a first driven position, and a second driven position, each having a corresponding distance from the first reflector. In one embodiment, the three positions correspond to reflecting white light, being non-reflective, and reflecting a selected color of light. Another embodiment is a method of making the light modulator. Another embodiment is a display including the light modulator.

Abstract: An ornamental display device having at least one interferometric modulator, a signal receiver configured to receive an external signal and a processor configured to control the display based on the external signal is disclosed. In one aspect, the external signal is emitted from a controller. In another aspect, the external signal is emitted from a computer.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus relating to touch sensing display devices that include a sensing device and a display device. In one aspect, a touch sensing display device can include adaptive addressing architecture to adjust an addressing characteristic based at least in part in a sensing characteristic of a sensing device. In another aspect, a touch sensing display device can include adaptive sensing architecture to adjust a sensing characteristic of a sensing device based at least in part on an addressing characteristic of a display device and/or on an electrical interference characteristic altered by an addressing circuit of the display device.

Abstract: A package is made of a transparent substrate having an interferometric modulator and a back plate. A non-hermetic seal joins the back plate to the substrate to form a package, and a desiccant resides inside the package. A method of packaging an interferometric modulator includes providing a transparent substrate and manufacturing an interferometric modulator array on a backside of the substrate. A back plate includes a curved portion relative to the substrate. The curved portion is substantially throughout the back plate. The back plate is sealed to the backside of the substrate with a back seal in ambient conditions, thereby forming a package.

Abstract: Methods and systems for packaging MEMS devices such as interferometric modulator arrays are disclosed. One embodiment of a MEMS device package structure includes a seal with a chemically reactant getter. Another embodiment of a MEMS device package comprises a primary seal with a getter, and a secondary seal proximate an outer periphery of the primary seal. Yet another embodiment of a MEMS device package comprises a getter positioned inside the MEMS device package and proximate an inner periphery of the package seal.

Abstract: A package structure and method of packaging for an interferometric modulator. A thin film material is deposited over an interferometric modulator and transparent substrate to encapsulate the interferometric modulator. A gap or cavity between the interferometric modulator and the thin film provides a space in which mechanical parts of the interferometric modulator may move. The gap is created by removal of a sacrificial layer that is deposited over the interferometric modulator.

Abstract: This disclosure provides methods and apparatus for calibrating display arrays. In one aspect, a method of calibrating a display array includes determining a particular drive response characteristic and updating a particular drive scheme voltage between updates of image data on the display array. The drive response characteristic may be determined by applying a ramped voltage to a line of the array and detecting a current pulse due to a capacitance change on the line. The drive response characteristic can be determined based on data representing a width of a current pulse in the waveform or a weighted or unweighted area of a current pulse in the waveform.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for driving electromechanical display devices that suffer from adhesion forces. In one aspect, a method for driving a display element is provided that includes applying a first series of voltages to a first electrode and applying a second series of voltages from a set of voltage levels to a second electrode to selectively place a movable layer into an actuated state or un-actuated state based on a voltage difference between the first and second electrodes. The method further includes applying a third series of voltages levels from the set of voltage levels to a third electrode. The third series of voltage levels are applied to the third electrode such that a non-zero voltage exists between the third and second electrodes during a release time period where a desired state is the un-actuated state.

Abstract: By selectively placing color filters with different transmittance spectrums on an array of modulator elements each having the same reflectance spectrum, a resultant reflectance spectrum for each modulator element and it's respective color filter is created. In one embodiment, the modulator elements in an array are manufactured by the same process so that each modulator element has a reflectance spectrum that includes multiple reflectivity lines. Color filters corresponding to multiple colors, such as red, green, and blue, for example, may be selectively associated with these modulator elements in order to filter out a desired wavelength range for each modulator element and provide a multiple color array. Because the modulator elements are manufactured by the same process, each of the modulator elements is substantially the same and common voltage levels may be used to activate and deactivate selected modulation.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus related to touchscreens where glare from locations behind a front surface are reduced. In certain implementations, a bulk diffuser can be provided at one or more locations between a cover plate and a touch panel of a touchscreen or between the touchscreen and a display device. Various properties associated with the bulk diffuser, including a haze level and thickness, can be selected so as to yield a desired glare reduction in touchscreen devices that utilize different displays. Such displays can include an interferometric modulator-based display, as well as other types of displays.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus related to a capacitive touch sensor with light shielding structures. In one aspect, a device includes an array formed by a plurality of row electrodes and a plurality of non-transparent column electrodes, wherein at least a first portion of the row electrodes is non-transparent and coplanar with the column electrodes and at least a second portion of the row electrodes is non-coplanar with the column electrodes. The device further includes light shielding structures that are non-transparent and coplanar with the column electrodes, wherein the light shielding structures substantially overlap the second portion.