Abstract: A product critical temperature during freeze drying is determined. The product is imaged using optical coherence tomography (“OCT”). The product is freeze dried while the temperature of the product is measured. The product critical temperature is the temperature at which a product structure event occurs during freeze drying.

Abstract: A product critical temperature during freeze drying is determined. The product is imaged using optical coherence tomography (“OCT”). The product is freeze dried while the temperature of the product is measured. The product critical temperature is the temperature at which a product structure event occurs during freeze drying.

Abstract: A product critical temperature during freeze drying is determined. The product is imaged using optical coherence tomography (“OCT”). The product is freeze dried while the temperature of the product is measured. The product critical temperature is the temperature at which a product structure event occurs during freeze drying.

Abstract: An infrared flare includes at least one diode laser configured to emit radiation in a near-infrared spectrum and an optical system configured to transform the radiation output from the at least one diode laser. Each of the at least one diode lasers are coupled to a laser mount. The infrared flare further includes a thermal management system configured to absorb waste heat generated by the at least one diode laser. The thermal management system is configured to maintain the laser mount at or below 60° C. during operation of the infrared flare.

Abstract: A miniature monolithic optical demultiplexer that comprises a dispersive optical element and a wavelength filter array. The miniature monolithic optical DWDM demultiplexer can be fabricated using micro- and nano-scale techniques common to the semiconductor industry. The operating principles and some characteristics of the DWDM demultiplexer are described. The device will be useful in the field of optical communication as a component within networks that perform all of the necessary switching, adding, dropping, and manipulating of optical signals entirely in the optical domain. With the inclusion of additional components, exemplary optical communication devices that can be built using the DWDM demultiplexer include optical add/drop multiplexers (OADM), Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) routers, tunable filters, optical cross connects, and the like.

Abstract: A miniature monolithic optical add-drop multiplexer that comprises a dispersive optical element, a wavelength filter array and a diverter. The miniature monolithic optical DWDM add-drop multiplexer can be fabricated using micro- and nano-scale techniques common to the semiconductor industry. The operating principles and some characteristics of the DWDM add-drop multiplexer are described. The device will be useful in the field of optical communication as a component within networks that perform all of the necessary switching, adding, dropping, and manipulating of optical signals entirely in the optical domain.

Abstract: An optical bench that provides a core component for a communication system that performs all of the necessary switching, adding, dropping, and manipulating of optical signals entirely in the optical domain. The optical bench comprises a dispersive optical element and a spatial light modulator. Various devices that are useful in the field of optical communication can be produced using the optical bench apparatus as a core component, with the addition of other components to the optical bench. Exemplary optical communication devices that can be built using the optical bench include optical add/drop multiplexers (OADM), Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) routers, tunable filters, tunable laser sources, optical cross connects, and the like.

Abstract: A miniature monolithic optical add-drop multiplexer that comprises a dispersive optical element, a wavelength filter array and a diverter. The miniature monolithic optical DWDM add-drop multiplexer can be fabricated using micro- and nano-scale techniques common to the semiconductor industry. The operating principles and some characteristics of the DWDM add-drop multiplexer are described. The device will be useful in the field of optical communication as a component within networks that perform all of the necessary switching, adding, dropping, and manipulating of optical signals entirely in the optical domain.

Abstract: A miniature monolithic optical demultiplexer that comprises a dispersive optical element and a wavelength filter array. The miniature monolithic optical DWDM demultiplexer can be fabricated using micro- and nano-scale techniques common to the semiconductor industry. The operating principles and some characteristics of the DWDM demultiplexer are described. The device will be useful in the field of optical communication as a component within networks that perform all of the necessary switching, adding, dropping, and manipulating of optical signals entirely in the optical domain. With the inclusion of additional components, exemplary optical communication devices that can be built using the DWDM demultiplexer include optical add/drop multiplexers (OADM), Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) routers, tunable filters, optical cross connects, and the like.

Abstract: A solid state dye laser incorporating a polyacrylamide gelatin solid host is doped with a laser dye such as rhodamine 6G and pyrromethene 556. The host is aligned within a lasing cavity and is excited to fluorescence by a pumping laser such as a second harmonic Nd:YAG. A container made from pyrex or inorganic oxide glass can be used to encapsulate and protect the gel solid. The solid state dye host exhibits "self healing" after photobleaching due to dye migration within the encapsulated form.

Abstract: A two terminal electronic filter network is provided for connection across TV antenna input terminals to reduce interference from noncommercial FM radio stations operating within a frequency band near the TV channel 6 frequency band. The two terminal electronic filter circuit which exhibits a rapid change of reactance for changes in frequency, and having a resonant frequency provides sufficient FM signal rejection without significant attenuation of any VHF channel by the provision of a highly reactive network tuned below the resonant frequency of the filter network as a whole.