Abstract: A method for recovering precious metals from carbonaceous ore comprising leaching the ore with a lixiviant solution and then preg-robbingly concentrating the precious metal-lixiviant complexes in solution on to the native carbonaceous component of the ore for subsequent recovery. The preg-robbing capacity of the native carbonaceous component of the ore can be augmented by adding recycled carbonaceous matter or finely ground carbon to the ore-lixiviant mixture.

Abstract: A method for improving the heap biooxidation rate of refractory sulfide ore particles that are at least partially biooxidized using a recycled bioleachate off solution is provided.

Abstract: A method of biotreating a solid material to remove an undesired compound using a nonstirred surface bioreactor is provided. According to the method the surface of a plurality of coarse substrates is coated with a solid material to be biotreated to form a plurality of coated coarse substrates. The coarse substrates have a particle size greater than about 0.3 cm and the solid material to be biotreated has a particle size less than about 250 .mu.m. A nonstirred surface reactor is then formed by stacking the plurality of coated coarse substrates into a heap or placing the plurality of coated coarse substrates into a tank so that the void volume of the reactor is greater than or equal to about 25%. The reactor is inoculated with a microorganism capable of degrading the undesired compound in the solid material, and the solid material is then biotreated in the surface bioreactor until the undesired compound in the solid material is degraded to a desired concentration.

Abstract: Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) derivatives are produced in useful quantities using recombinant DNA techniques. Specific derivatives include amino acid deletion derivatives and amino acid substitution derivatives. A deletion derivative lacking the N-terminal first 68 amino acids is specifically exemplified having requisite t-PA characteristics. The invention disclosed thus enables the production of t-PA derivatives via recombinant means. Methods, expression vehicles and various host cells useful in the production of said t-PA derivatives are also disclosed.

Abstract: A human tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is produced in useful quantities using recombinant DNA techniques. The invention disclosed thus enables the production of t-PA free of contaminants with which it is ordinarily associated in its native cellular environment. Methods, expression vehicles and various host cells useful in its production are also disclosed.

Abstract: Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) derivatives are produced in useful quantities using recombinant DNA techniques. Specific derivatives include amino acid deletion derivatives and amino acid substitution derivatives. A deletion derivative lacking the N-terminal first 68 amino acids is specifically exemplified having requisite t-PA characteristics. The invention disclosed thus enables the production of t-PA derivatives via recombinant means. Methods, expression vehicles and various host cells useful in the production of said t-PA derivatives are also disclosed.

Abstract: Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) derivatives are produced in useful quantifies using recombinant DNA techniques. Specific derivatives include amino acid deletion derivatives and amino acid substitution derivatives. A deletion derivative lacking the N-terminal first 68 amino acids is specifically exemplified having requisite t-PA characteristics. The invention disclosed thus enables the production of t-PA derivatives via recombinant means. Methods, expression vehicles and various host cells useful in the production of said t-PA derivatives are also disclosed.

Abstract: Human tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is produced in useful quantities using recombinant DNA techniques. The invention disclosed thus enables the production of t-PA free of contaminants with which it is ordinarily associated in its native cellular environment. Methods, expression vehicles and various host cells useful in its production are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for improving the heap biooxidation rate of refractory sulfide ore particles that are at least partially biooxidized using a recycled bioleachate off solution is provided.

Abstract: A method of recovering precious metal values from refractory sulfide ores is provided. The method includes the steps of separating clays and fines from a crushed refractory sulfide ore, forming a heap from the refractory sulfide ore, producing a concentrate of refractory sulfide minerals from the separated fines and adding the concentrate to the heap, bioleaching the heap to thereby oxidize iron sulfides contained therein, and hydrometallurgically treating the bioleached ore to recover precious metal values contained therein.

Abstract: This invention relates to substantially purified gelonin, toxic fragments thereof, the DNA sequences encoding gelonin and use of the DNA for producing, by recombinant technology, gelonin, toxic fragments thereof and fusion proteins. More specifically, the invention relates to the primary amino acid sequence of gelonin, and of the DNA encoding said gelonin and the production of synthetic gelonin and toxic fragments thereof.

Abstract: A method for recovering precious metals from carbonaceous ore comprising leaching the ore with a lixiviant solution and then preg-robbingly concentrating the precious metal-lixiviant complexes in solution on to the native carbonaceous component of the ore for subsequent recovery. The preg-robbing capacity of the native carbonaceous component of the ore can be augmented by adding recycled carbonaceous matter or finely ground carbon to the ore-lixiviant mixture. Furthermore, after the carbonaceous component of the ore is separated from the gangue, the gangue material can be treated in a hot CIL process to further increase the recovery of the precious metal.

Abstract: A method of recovering precious metal values from refractory sulfide ores is provided. The method includes the steps of separating clays and fines from a crushed refractory sulfide ore, forming a heap from the refractory sulfide ore, bioleaching the heap to thereby oxidize iron sulfides contained therein, and hydrometullurgically treating the bioleached ore to recover the precious metal values. If sufficient quantity of precious metal values are contained in the separated clays and fines, these materials can be further processed to recover the precious metal values contained therein.

Abstract: Human tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is produced in useful quantities using recombinant DNA techniques. The invention disclosed thus enables the production of t-PA free of contaminants with which it is ordinarily associated in its native cellular environment. Methods, expression vehicles and various host cells useful in its production are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of recovering precious metal values from refractory sulfide ores is provided. The method includes the steps of separating clays and fines from a crushed refractory sulfide ore, forming a heap from the refractory sulfide ore, producing a concentrate of refractory sulfide minerals from the separated fines and adding the concentrate to the heap, bioleaching the heap to thereby oxidize iron sulfides contained therein, and hydrometallurgically treating the bioleached ore to recover precious metal values contained therein.

Abstract: A method for recovering precious metals from carbonaceous ore comprising leaching the ore with a lixiviant solution and then preg-robbingly concentrating the precious metal-lixiviant complexes in solution on to the native carbonaceous component of the ore for subsequent recovery. The preg-robbing capacity of the native carbonaceous component of the ore can be augmented by adding recycled carbonaceous matter or finely ground carbon to the ore-lixiviant mixture. Furthermore, after the carbonaceous component of the ore is separated from the gangue, the gangue material can be treated in a hot CIL process to further increase the recovery of the precious metal.

Abstract: A method of recovering precious metal values from refractory sulfide ores is provided. The method includes the steps of separating clays and fines from a crushed refractory sulfide ore, forming a heap from the refractory sulfide ore, bioleaching the heap to thereby oxidize iron sulfides contained therein, and hydrometullurgically treating the bioleached ore to recover the precious metal values. If sufficient quantity of precious metal values are contained in the separated clays and fines, these materials can be further processed to recover the precious metal values contained therein.

Abstract: A method for producing tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)in eukaroytic host cells is disclosed. Enhanced levels of t-PA production are obtained by co-amplification of the t-PA gene through treatment of cultures transformed with mutant or wild-type DHFR with methotrexate.

Abstract: A variety of processes for recovering gold from gold ore are disclosed. Briefly, the methods include culturing at least one microorganism species capable of producing cyanide ion under conditions wherein the microorganism produces cyanide ion, thus forming a cyanide ion-containing culture; contacting the cyanide ion-containing culture with gold ore, causing production of gold ion-cyanide ion complexes and biosorption of said complexes to said cultures; and recovering gold from the culture. The invention may be practiced with a variety of microorganisms, including Chromobacterium violaceum and Chlorella vulgaris.

Abstract: A method for recovering precious metals from carbonaceous ore comprising leaching the ore with a lixiviant solution and then preg-robbingly concentrating the precious metal-lixiviant complexes in solution on to the native carbonaceous component of the ore for subsequent recovery. The preg-robbing capacity of the native carbonaceous component of the ore can be augmented by adding recycled carbonaceous matter or finely ground carbon to the ore-lixiviant mixture. Furthermore, after the carbonaceous component of the ore is separated from the gangue, the gangue material can be treated in a hot CIL process to further increase the recovery of the precious metal.