Abstract: An image intensifier 18 is comprised of an evacuated chamber, an input surface 16 having a florescent material thereon for converting incident radiation into a visible light representative of the incident radiation, a photocathode layer 20 disposed closely adjacent the input surface for emitting a cloud of free electrons 22 into the evacuated chamber in proportion to the intensity of visible light at each point thereon, and an output surface 26 having a scintillating material thereon for converting electrons impinging thereon into a relatively bright light image proportional to the electron energy at each point on the output surface said light image having a first aspect ratio. An electrical potential 24 accelerates the free electrons from the photo-cathode to the output surface. A fiber optic bundle 28 comprised of an input face, positioned outside the chamber to view the bright light image at the output surface, and an output face 34 is provided.

Abstract: An imaging system comprised of a source of penetrative radiation 14, an image intensifier tube 18 and a video camera 38 is provided. The intensifier tube is comprised of a input screen 22 and an output screen 24. The intensifier tube converts radiation 20 impinging on the input screen into a visible light image 36 on the output screen 24. The video camera is operatively positioned to view the output screen of the intensifier. A light sampler 50 is operatively disposed in the visible light path between the image intensifier output screen 24 and the video camera input 38. The light sampler is comprised of a mirror 52, a focusing lens 54, a beam splitter 56, an aperture 58, a light source 78, a photo receptor 60 and an optical aligner 64.

Abstract: An x-ray source propagates radiation across an examination gap onto a intensifier tube input screen. The output screen of the intensifier tube is viewed by a video camera. A sampling means is disposed between the intensifier output screen and the video camera. The sampling means views the intensifier output screen and converts the viewed image into an electronic control signal for the x-ray source. The sampling means includes a first block pivotally secured to a second block below a receiving hole in the first block. The blocks are adjustably biased in pivoting tension about a pivot below the receiving hole. A barrel is frictionally engaged in the receiving hole. One end of the barrel is angled on one side and cutout on the other side. A mirror is fixedly disposed on the angled side such that light propagating through the cutout is reflected through the central axis of the barrel to a photo diode fixedly disposed at the other end of the barrel.

Abstract: A camera for taking true three-dimensional photographs in which the camera includes a housing having a lenticulated screen for focusing the image of an object on a plurality of locations on a photographic film. The screen and film are mounted in fixed positions at one end of the housing and light rays from an object to be photographed enter an opening in the housing near the opposite end thereof. A beamsplitter divides the incoming light rays and directs a portion of the light rays onto a mirror which causes the light rays to converge and to be reflected back onto the beamsplitter and then toward and through the lenticulated screen to the film. In one embodiment, the mirror is a concave mirror; in a second embodiment, the mirror is a convex mirror. The only moving part of the camera is the shutter, preferably a curtain shutter.

Abstract: Lenticular x-ray film having a parallax grating mask near the lenticulations of the film and a high resolution intensifying screen near the emulsion side of the film. The film, the mask and the screen form a unit for placement in a cassette for use with an x-ray tomograph to produce x-ray photographs which can be viewed in three-dimension. The mask has a substrate transparent to x-rays and is provided with spaced recesses for receiving mercury, tungsten or other flowable material which is opaque to x-rays. The spaces between the recesses present gaps for the passage of x-ray beams and the gaps are shaped so that the spread of the x-ray beams striking the emulsion of the film is the same width as each lenticulation. Each groove has a certain height so that the material in the grooves is sufficiently opaque to the x-ray beams in the range of about 30 KVA to about 150 KVA.