Abstract: A method of modifying crystal structure of alumina trihydrate crystallizing from saturated Bayer liquors, which method includes the treatment of the saturated Bayer liquors with a crystal modifying amount of a polysaccharide, preferably a dextran.

Abstract: A wet process production of phosphoric acid in which phosphate rock is digested, whereby phosphoric acid is released and calcium sulfate crystals are formed, employs a polymeric crystal modifier in the digestion stage of the process to improve the separation of the raw phosphoric acid product from the calcium sulfate crystals and to increase the concentration of phosphoric acid in the raw phosphoric acid product.

Abstract: The invention consists of compositions for agglomerating wetted metal-containing ores. Such such compositions are:______________________________________ General Ingredients % by Weight ______________________________________ A. A water-in-oil emulsion of a water- 10-45 soluble vinyl addition polymer which contains at least 10% by weight of the water-soluble vinyl addition polymer B. A polysaccharide 55-90 C. A water-soluble surfactant 0.001-10 D. Borax 0-15 ______________________________________Also described is the use of these compositions for agglomerating wetted metal ore-containing materials are the products produced by such an agglomeration process.

Abstract: Certain blends of mono and diethylene glycol and ethers thereof, when combined in certain proportions with urea, are excellent freeze protection for moist coal solids.

Abstract: The negative effects of sodium oxylate on the crystallization of aluminum trihydrate from Bayer process liquors may be eliminated or curtailed by adding an effective amount of a polyacrylic acid with a molecular weight about 1,000,000 and containing at least 50 mole percent acrylic acid monomer to pregnant Bayer process liquors.

Abstract: Bayer process liquors derived from the digestion of bauxites with a caustic solution are purified by removing at least a portion of the organic impurities present in the liquors. Removal of these impurities is accomplished by treating liquor containing dispersed therein solids generated by the Bayer process or added thereto, such as red mud particles, alumina trihydrate, oxalate salt, or filter aid with an organic polymeric, water-soluble cationic quaternary ammonium salt (POLYQUAT salt) which due to its cationic nature will adhere to the surface of the dispersed solids. The organic coating or layer adhered to the solids provides a receptive surface for the organic impurities, thus allowing formation of a solid-Polyquat-organic Adduct which is easily removed from the Bayer system.

Abstract: An improved dewatering agent for aqueous slurries of mineral concentrates comprising branched dodecylbenzene sulphonic acid used alone or in combination with sodium xylene sulphonate.

Abstract: A method for separating inorganic gangues from coal particulates dispersed in a coal refuse slurry comprises the selective flocculation of the coal refuse slurry by initially adding an anionic dispersant followed subsequently by adding an anionic flocculant, allowing the flocculating coal slurry obtained to settle and collecting a concentrated settled coal slurry having a lowered ash value. The dispersed inorganic gangues may be recovered by the addition of a cationic flocculant/coagulant with subsequent recycle of the aqueous phase.

Abstract: An improved dewatering agent for aqueous slurries of mineral concentrates comprising branched dodecylbenzene sulphonic acid used alone or in combination with sodium xylene sulphonate.

Abstract: A composition for altering the water function characteristics of a wet, particulate mineral mass combines a surfactant material having an HLB number of from about 6.0 to about 12.0 with a surfactant adsorption inhibitory amount of a coupling agent or hydrotrope. Urea may be added to the composition for the prevention of freezing.

Abstract: A method for treating fine particles such as minerals and coal particles having surface moisture to reduce the cohesive strength of such particulate particles when frozen which comprises spraying the particles prior to freezing with an effective amount of a dilute aqueous solution of a water-soluble cationic polymer, which solution also contains a freezing point depressant amount of an anti-freeze chemical.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, there is also included in the aqueous solution of the freezing point depressant polymer solution from 1/2 to about 5% by weight of gelatin or hydrolyzed gelatin.

Abstract: Dust is controlled on roads, in mines, on mineral and tailings piles, surfaces of pulverized coal and mineral piles contained within open transit cars such as coal cars or trucks, and other surfaces containing coal particles, rock dust, clay, soil particles and other finely divided particles subject to dusting by applying thereto a dust inhibiting amount of a liquid dispersion of watery consistency of highly branched water swellable polymer of acrylamide or an acrylamide-acrylic acid copolymer, branched and/or cross-linked with a multifunctional unsaturated monomer containing more than one ethylenically unsaturated group, said cross-linked polyer or copolymer having a three-dimensional structure and being in the form of microgelatinous particles having a particle size not exceeding approximately one micron in an oil containing emulsion form, and having the properties of swelling dramatically in water and binding dust particles upon adsorption from solution.

Abstract: A side-release composition for use in facilitating the discharge of a frozen cargo of particulate mineral material comprises brine and a sufficient amount of polymeric ethylene oxide in the brine to form a gel upon exposure to temperatures of less than about 65.degree. F.

Abstract: A composition for altering the water function characteristics of a wet, particulate mineral mass combines a surfactant material having an HLB number of from about 6.0 to about 12.0 with a surfactant adsorption inhibitory amount of a fatty acid substance.