Abstract: Apparatus and attendant methodology for extracting maximum power from an energy source, such as a photo voltaic panel, an array of photo voltaic panels, or a windmill and delivering that power to a battery or an array of batteries is disclosed. The apparatus determines the maximum operating point of the energy source, and circuits and circuit topologists are presented for extracting the energy. The apparatus eliminates the problem of finding local maximum points, and problems attendant variations of the absolute maximum power point as a function of temperature, insolation, array construction, and photo voltaic panel manufacturing tolerances. The energy source supplies power in the form of a voltage and charges the batteries with a controllable current source.

Abstract: Apparatus and attendant methodology for extracting maximum power from an energy source, such as a photo voltaic panel, an array of photo voltaic panels, or a windmill and delivering that power to a battery or an array of batteries is disclosed. The apparatus determines the maximum operating point of the energy source, and circuits and circuit topologies are presented for extracting the energy. The apparatus eliminates the problem of finding local maximum points, and problems attendant variations of the absolute maximum power point as a function of temperature, insolation, array construction, and photo voltaic panel manufacturing tolerances. The energy source supplies power in the form of a voltage and charges the batteries with a controllable current source.

Abstract: A device for detecting a specified signal on a conventional telephone line includes a pair of input terminals to which to connect a pair of conventional telephone lines, and a circuit connected to the input terminals that draws a different amount of power from a separate power source when the specified signal is present across the input terminals thant it draws otherwise. A transformer couples the power supply to the circuit while isolating the power source from the input terminals, and power sensing circuitry that senses a difference in power supplied to the transformer generates a control signal that is also isolated from the input terminals.

Abstract: A power supply system for providing uninterrupted AC power includes a first input port to which to couple AC input power at a specified RMS voltage level from a primary power source, a second input port to which to couple DC input power at a specified voltage level from a backup power source, and an output port to which to connect a device to be powered. A fullwave rectifier generates a first direct current from the AC input power, and up-converter generates a second direct current from the DC input power at an RMS voltage level approximately equal to that of the AC input power, and a switching arrangement couples a selected one of the first and second direct currents to the output port according to whether the AC input power is stabilized or interrupted, so that the flow of current to the output port is periodically reversed thereby generate AC output power. Switching may by synchronized with each zero crossing of the AC input power.