Abstract: The present invention relates to apparatus for measuring fuel thermal stability, deposit formation rate, and in-situ reactivity via optical methods and as well as methods of making and using same. Applicants' apparatus can deliver the rate and amount of degradation as well as the quantifying and qualifying the chemical species in the fuel on a real time basis during a test. As a result, Applicants' apparatus provides significantly improved performance over the current apparatuses.

Abstract: A beam ionization gauge (BIG) detector is disclosed for use in spectroscopy and configured to receive an analyte beam along a beam path. The BIG detector includes a filament configured to emit electrons and a grid. The grid is positioned substantially adjacent to the filament and configured to produce ions by directing the electrons to collide with the analyte beam along the beam path. A collector is positioned substantially adjacent to the grid to define the beam path therebetween and configured to detect the ions produced by the collisions of electrons with the analyte beam.

Abstract: A combined carbon monoxide and smoke detector adapted to fit into the handle of a suitcase or adaptable. The suitcase has wheels and the wheels are coupled to dynamos. Electric power generated by the dynamos is stored in a dynamo battery. The dynamo battery is wired to a charging port of a USB charger such that it is capable of charging the smoke and carbon monoxide detectors. In another embodiment there is a smartphone and a carbon monoxide sensor and a smoke sensor are built into the smartphone and make use of the internal components of the smartphone to sound an alarm is carbon monoxide or smoke are detected. The dock connector of the smartphone receives electrical energy from the dynamo battery to recharge the battery of the smartphone or other electronic device.

Abstract: A combined carbon monoxide and smoke detector adapted to fit into the handle of a suitcase or adaptable. The suitcase has wheels and the wheels are coupled to dynamos. Electric power generated by the dynamos is stored in a dynamo battery. The dynamo battery is wired to a charging port of a USB charger such that it is capable of charging the smoke and carbon monoxide detectors. In another embodiment there is a smartphone and a carbon monoxide sensor and a smoke sensor are built into the smartphone and make use of the internal components of the smartphone to sound an alarm is carbon monoxide or smoke are detected. The dock connector of the smartphone receives electrical energy from the dynamo battery to recharge the battery of the smartphone or other electronic device.

Abstract: Laundry detergent compositions, essentially free of peroxygen bleach compounds, containing a detergent surfactant, a detergent builder, and from about 0.3% to 10% by weight triethylenetetraminehexaacetic acid or salts thereof are disclosed. These compositions provide enhanced removal of organic stains, such as food and beverage stains.