Abstract: New polyether polyols of predetermined structure are prepared by reacting polyether bis alcoholates with selected bis epoxides. Specifically, a polyoxyalkylene glycol is converted to the bis alcoholate, and then the bis alcoholate is reacted with an equivalent amount of a glycol bis glycidyl ether, with the reactants being mixed together all at once. The polyether polyalcoholate thus obtained is converted to a high molecular weight polyether polyol by acid neutralization or ion exchange.

Abstract: Nonionic surfactant compositions are made by reacting a 3 to 30-unit polyglycerol as hydrophile with a hydrophobic glycidyl ether in sufficient quantity to substitute 4 to 25% of the hydroxy groups of the polyglycerol. By using glycidyl ethers (which can be made conveniently by reaction of hydrophobic alcohol with epichlorohydrin) it becomes possible to avoid the expense of working with long-chain 1,2-epoxides. The surfactant compositions obtained have solubility and stability in a variety of concentrated ionic solutions, and especially in basic media.

Abstract: A glycol-based antifreeze formulation containing as a defoaming agent, from 0.001% to about 1.

Abstract: A glycol-based antifreeze formulation containing as a defoaming agent, from 0.001% to about 1.0% by weight of a mixture containing a compound of the formula ##STR1## WHEREIN R is an alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, or dihydroxyalkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R.sup.1 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, R.sup.2 is an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, p is an integer from 1 to 20, and n is an integer from 1 to 14; and a compound of the formulaRO--(C.sub.6 H.sub.10 O.sub.5).sub.p --Hwherein R and p are as defined above.

Abstract: Highly branched polyether polyols of high molecular weight (such as over 12,000) are made by coupling an alkoxylated polyglycerol, by reaction of the sodium alcoholate of the oxyalkylated polyglycerol with a dibenzenesulfo or ditoluenesulfo ester of a diol containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms. Products obtained are viscous resinous products which are particularly suitable for use as hydrophilic water-swellable gels and other purposes.