Abstract: A hydrocarbon fuel reformer for producing diatomic hydrogen gas is disclosed. The reformer includes a first reaction vessel, a shift reactor vessel annularly disposed about the first reaction vessel, including a first shift reactor zone, and a first helical tube disposed within the first shift reactor zone having an inlet end communicating with a water supply source. The water supply source is preferably adapted to supply liquid-phase water to the first helical tube at flow conditions sufficient to ensure discharge of liquid-phase and steam-phase water from an outlet end of the first helical tube. The reformer may further include a first catalyst bed disposed in the first shift reactor zone, having a low-temperature shift catalyst in contact with the first helical tube.

Abstract: An auxiliary reactor for use with a reformer reactor having at least one reaction zone, and including a burner for burning fuel and creating a heated auxiliary reactor gas stream, and heat exchanger for transferring heat from auxiliary reactor gas stream and heat transfer medium, preferably two-phase water, to reformer reaction zone. Auxiliary reactor may include first cylindrical wall defining a chamber for burning fuel and creating a heated auxiliary reactor gas stream, the chamber having an inlet end, an outlet end, a second cylindrical wall surrounding first wall and a second annular chamber there between. The reactor being configured so heated auxiliary reactor gas flows out the outlet end and into and through second annular chamber and conduit which is disposed in second annular chamber, the conduit adapted to carry heat transfer medium and being connectable to reformer reaction zone for additional heat exchange.

Abstract: A reformer for producing a hydrogen-rich gas includes a first zone, a second zone, a third zone, a fourth zone and a product gas collection space. The zones are sequentially adjacent. A flow path is provided for directing flow of a reaction stream in diverging directions from the first zone into the second zone, and continuing in the same general diverging directions through the second zone, third zone, and fourth zone. Directing the flow in diverging directions permits flow into and through a zone over more that just a single cross-sectional geometry of the zone or a single cross-section of the flow path transverse to the direction of flows. This configuration can be used to require a lower pressure for flowing the reaction stream so as to reduce the parasitic requirements of the reactor, and can also be used to increase throughput of the reactor.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon reformer system including a first reactor configured to generate hydrogen-rich reformate by carrying out at least one of a non-catalytic thermal partial oxidation, a catalytic partial oxidation, a steam reforming, and any combinations thereof, a second reactor in fluid communication with the first reactor to receive the hydrogen-rich reformate, and having a catalyst for promoting a water gas shift reaction in the hydrogen-rich reformate, and a heat exchanger having a first mass of two-phase water therein and configured to exchange heat between the two-phase water and the hydrogen-rich reformate in the second reactor, the heat exchanger being in fluid communication with the first reactor so as to supply steam to the first reactor as a reactant is disclosed. The disclosed reformer includes an auxiliary reactor configured to generate heated water/steam and being in fluid communication with the heat exchanger of the second reactor to supply the heated water/steam to the heat exchanger.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon fuel reformer 100 suitable for producing synthesis hydrogen gas from reactions with hydrocarbons fuels, oxygen, and steam. A first tube 108 has a first tube inlet 110 and a first tube outlet 112. The first tube inlet 110 is adapted for receiving a first mixture including an oxygen-containing gas and a first fuel. A partially oxidized first reaction reformate is directed out of the first tube 108 into a mixing zone 114. A second tube 116 is annularly disposed about the first tube 108 and has a second tube inlet 118 and a second tube outlet 120. The second tube inlet 118 is adapted for receiving a second mixture including steam and a second fuel. A steam reformed second reaction reformate is directed out of the second tube 116 and into the mixing zone 114. From the mixing zone 114, the first and second reaction reformates may be directed into a catalytic reforming zone 144 containing a reforming catalyst 147.

Abstract: A reformer reactor 10 for producing a hydrogen-rich gas includes a first zone 18, a second zone 20, a third zone 22, a fourth zone 24 and a product gas collection space 40. The zones are sequentially adjacent. A flow path P1 is provided for directing flow of a reaction stream in diverging directions from the first zone 18 into the second zone 20, the flow of the reaction stream continuing in the same general diverging directions through the second zone 20 and into and through the third and fourth zones 22, 24. Directing the flow in diverging directions permits flow into and through a zone over more than just a single cross-sectional geometry of the zone or a single cross-section of the flow path transverse to the direction of flows. This configuration can be used to require a lower pressure for flowing the reaction stream so as to reduce the parasitic requirements of the reactor. This configuration can also be used to increase throughput of the reactor.

Abstract: A reformer is disclosed for converting a hydrocarbon fuel into hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide, the reformer having a first tube, a second tube annularly disposed about the first tube, and a third tube annularly disposed about the second tube. The first tube includes a first catalyst, a first tube outlet, and is adapted for receiving a first mixture of steam. The second tube is adapted for receiving a second mixture of an oxygen-containing gas and a second fuel. The third tube is adapted for receiving a first reaction reformate from the first tube and a second reaction reformate from the second tube, and for producing a third reaction reformate.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon fuel reformer (200) is disclosed suitable for producing synthesis hydrogen gas from reactions with hydrocarbons fuels, oxygen, and steam. The reformer (200) comprises first and second tubes (208,218). The first tube (208) includes a first catalyst (214) and receives a first mixture of steam and a first fuel. The second tube (218) is annularly disposed about the first tube (208) and receives a second mixture of an oxygen-containing gas and a second fuel. In one embodiment, a third tube (224) is annularly disposed about the second tube (218) and receives a first reaction reformate from the first tube (208) and a second reaction reformate from the second tube (218). A catalyst reforming zone (260) annularly disposed about the third tube (224) may be provided to subject reformate constituents to a shift reaction. In another embodiment, a fractionator is provided to distill first and second fuels from a fuel supply source.

Abstract: A reformer reactor 10 for producing a hydrogen-rich gas includes a first zone 18, a second zone 20, a third zone 22, a fourth zone 24 and a product gas collection space 40. The zones are sequentially adjacent. A flow path P1 is provided for directing flow of a reaction stream in diverging directions from the first zone 18 into the second zone 20, the flow of the reaction stream continuing in the same general diverging directions through the second zone 20 and into and through the third and fourth zones 22,24. Directing the flow in diverging directions permits flow into and through a zone over more than just a single cross-sectional geometry of the zone or a single cross-section of the flow path transverse to the direction of flows. This configuration can be used to require a lower pressure for flowing the reaction stream so as to reduce the parasitic requirements of the reactor. This configuration can also be used to increase throughput of the reactor.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon fuel reforming method is disclosed suitable for producing synthesis hydrogen gas from reactions with hydrocarbons fuels, oxygen, and steam. A first mixture of an oxygen-containing gas and a first fuel is directed into a first tube 108 to produce a first reaction reformate. A second mixture of steam and a second fuel is directed into a second tube 116 annularly disposed about the first tube 108 to produce a second reaction reformate. The first and second reaction reformates are then directed into a reforming zone 144 and subject to a catalytic reforming reaction. In another aspect of the method, a first fuel is combusted with an oxygen-containing gas in a first zone 108 to produce a reformate stream, while a second fuel under steam reforming in a second zone 116. Heat energy from the first zone 108 is transferred to the second zone 116.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method are disclosed for converting hydrocarbon fuel or an alcohol into hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide. The apparatus includes a first vessel having a partial oxidation reaction zone and a separate steam reforming reaction zone that is distinct from the partial oxidation reaction zone. The first vessel has a first vessel inlet at the partial oxidation reaction zone and a first vessel outlet at the steam reforming zone. The reformer also includes a helical tube extending about the first vessel. The helical tube has a first end connected to an oxygen-containing source and a second end connected to the first vessel at the partial oxidation reaction zone. Oxygen gas from an oxygen-containing source can be directed through the helical tube to the first vessel. A second vessel having a second vessel inlet and second vessel outlet is annularly disposed about the first vessel.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for synthesizing hydrogen gas from hydrocarbon fuel. A first mixture of steam and a first fuel is directed into a first tube 208 to subject the first mixture to a first steam reforming reaction in the presence of a first catalyst 214. A stream of oxygen-containing gas is pre-heated by transferring heat energy from product gases. A second mixture of the pre-heated oxygen-containing gas and a second fuel is directed into a second tube 218 disposed about the first tube 208 to subject the second mixture to a partial oxidation reaction and to provide heat energy for transfer to the first tube 208. A first reaction reformate from the first tube 208 and a second reaction reformate from the second tube 218 are directed into a third tube 224 disposed about the second tube 218 to subject the first and second reaction reformates to a second steam reforming reaction, wherein heat energy is transferred to the third tube 224 from the second tube 218.

Abstract: A method for converting hydrocarbon fuel into hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide within a reformer 10 is disclosed. According to the method, a stream including an oxygen-containing gas is directed adjacent to a first vessel 18 and the oxygen-containing gas is heated. A stream including unburned fuel is introduced into the oxygen-containing gas stream to form a mixture including oxygen-containing gas and fuel. The mixture of oxygen-containing gas and unburned fuel is directed tangentially into a partial oxidation reaction zone 24 within the first vessel 18. The mixture of oxygen-containing gas and fuel is further directed through the partial oxidation reaction zone 24 to produce a heated reformate stream including hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide. Steam may also be mixed with the oxygen-containing gas and fuel, and the reformate stream from the partial oxidation reaction zone 24 directed into a steam reforming zone 26.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds of formula (I): ##STR1## or a physiologically acceptable salt or solvate thereof wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom or a group selected from C.sub.1-6 alkyl and C.sub.1-6 alkoxy;R.sup.2 represents a phenyl group substituted by a group selected from ##STR2## and optionally further substituted by one or two substituents selected from halogen atoms, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy, and C.sub.1-6 alkyl;R.sup.3 represents the group ##STR3## R.sup.4 and R.sup.5, which may be the same or different, each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom or a group selected from hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy and C.sub.1-6 alkyl;R.sup.6 represents a hydrogen atom or a group selected from --NR.sup.9 R.sup.10 and a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group optionally substituted by one or two substituents selected from C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 acyloxy and --SO.sub.2 R.sup.11 ;R.sup.7, R.sup.8 and R.sup.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds of the general formula (I) ##STR1## or a physiologically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein Q represents a 1- or 2-naphthalenyl group.The compounds have a stimulant action at .beta..sub.2 -adrenoreceptors and may be used in the treatment of diseases associated with reversible airways obstruction such as asthma and chronic bronchitis.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein Im represents an imidazolyl group of the formula: ##STR2## R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a group selected from C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-6 alkenyl, C.sub.3-10 alkynyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkylC.sub.1-4 alkyl, phenyl, phenylC.sub.1-3 alkyl, --CO.sub.2 R.sup.5, --COR.sup.5, --CONR.sup.5 R.sup.6 or --SO.sub.2 R.sup.5 ;R.sup.5 and R.sup.6, which may be the same or different, each represents a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1-6 alkyl or C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl group, or a phenyl or phenylC.sub.1-4 alkyl group, in which the phenyl group is optionally substituted by one or more C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 alkoxy or hydroxy groups or halogen atoms, with the proviso that R.sup.5 does not represent a hydrogen atom when R.sup.1 represents a group --CO.sub.2 R.sup.5 or --SO.sub.2 R.sup.5 ;one of the groups represented by R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of treatment of diseases associated with reversible airways obstruction such as asthma and chronic bronchitis, utilizing the compounds of the formula ##STR1## or a physiological acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein Q represents a 1- or 2- naphthalenyl group.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds of the general formula (I) ##STR1## and physiologically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein AR represents the group ##STR2## where Q.sup.1 represents a straight or branched C.sub.1-3 alkylene group, ##STR3## where Q.sup.2 represents a group R.sup.3 CO--, R.sup.3 NHCO--, R.sup.3 R.sup.4 NSO.sub.2 --, or R.sup.5 SO.sub.2 --, where R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 each represent a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-3 alkyl group, and R.sup.5 represents a C.sub.1-3 alkyl group, ##STR4## R represents a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-3 alkyl group; R.sup.1 and R.sup.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the general formula (I) ##STR1## and physiologically acceptable salts and solvates thereof; wherein;R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-3 -alkyl group with the proviso that the sum total of carbon atom in R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is not more than 4;X represents a direct bond or a C.sub.1-7 alkylene, C.sub.2-7 alkenylene or C.sub.2-7 alkynylene group and Y represents a direct bond or a C.sub.1-6 alkylene C.sub.2-6 alkenylene or C.sub.2-6 alknylene group with the proviso that the sum total of carbon atoms in X and Y is not more than 10;W represents a group ##STR2## wherein Z represents a group R.sup.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.q where q is 0, 1 or 2 and R.sup.3 is a group R.sup.4 CONH--, R.sup.4 NHCONH--, R.sup.4 R.sup.5 NSO.sub.2 NH--, R.sup.6 SO.sub.2 NH-- or --OH;R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 each represent a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-3 alkyl group;R.sup.6 represents a C.sub.1-3 alkyl group;R.sup.7 represents a chlorine atom or the group --CF.sub.

Abstract: The invention relates to tetracyclic ketones of the general formula (I) ##STR1## wherein n represents 1, 2 or 3;Im represents an imidazolyl group of the formula: ##STR2## wherein one of the groups represented by R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3 -7cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-6 alkenyl, phenyl or phenylC.sub.1-3 alkyl group, and each of the other two groups, which may be the same or different, represents a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group;Y represents a group --(CH.sub.2)m--, where m represents 2, 3 or 4, or a group --X(CH.sub.2).sub.p --, where p represents 2 or 3, X represents an oxygen or a sulphur atom or a group NR.sup.4, where R.sup.4 is a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, and X is attached to the benzene ring moiety of the molecule;and physiologically acceptable salts and solvates thereof.The compounds are potent and selective antagonists of the effect of 5-HT at 5-HT.sub.