Abstract: A system and method of modeling a circulatory system including a regulatory mechanism parameter. In one embodiment, a regulatory mechanism parameter in a lumped parameter model is represented as a logistic function. In another embodiment, the circulatory system model includes a compliant vessel, the model having a parameter representing a change in pressure due to contraction of smooth muscles of a wall of the vessel.

Abstract: A system for improving part throttle efficiency of spark ignition piston engines by utilizing waste heat to increase the temperature of the combustion air is provided. The engine combustion air intake is provided with an ambient temperature air supply and a high temperature air supply. The high temperature supply is heated by engine coolant and or exhaust system waste heat. A computer controlled fuel injection system is required to regulate the temperature of the combustion air by mixing the two supplies based on the power output required. The fuel injection control system is also required to maintain correct fuel air ratios over the extended range of combustion air temperatures.