Abstract: Disclosed is a bolus for oral administration to an animal, the bolus comprising at least one beneficial substance to be delivered to the animal, the bolus comprising two components which are adhered together by a water-soluble adhesive or sealant, such that the two components are separable in vivo, and wherein at least one of the aforesaid components is frangible in vivo, the frangible component being initially stabilised by the adherence thereto of the other of the aforesaid components, such that separation of the two components in vivo facilitates the breakage of the frangible component.

Abstract: Disclosed is a bolus comprising: a bolus body comprising a matrix material and one or more biologically beneficial substances contained in and/or on the matrix; wherein the exterior surface of the bolus body is shaped so as to have a least one recessed portion; and at least part of the recessed portion of the bolus body is coated with a material which retards or inhibits release of the beneficial substance(s) from the matrix.

Abstract: Disclosed is a bolus comprising: a bolus body comprising a matrix material and one or more biologically beneficial substances contained in and/or on the matrix; wherein the exterior surface of the bolus body is shaped so as to have a least one recessed portion; and at least part of the recessed portion of the bolus body is coated with a material which retards or inhibits release of the beneficial substance(s) from the matrix.

Abstract: A product and the use thereof to stimulate and/or modulate immune response in animals and humans, comprising lipids having a glycerol backbone carrying at least one alkyl or acyl chain, wherein the lipid is phospholipid, glycolipid or neutral lipid, saturated or unsaturated, and the number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon tails lies between (10 and 22) inclusive, the lipids being defined as esters of glycerol (propane 1,2,3-triol) with fatty acids, also including 1,2-di-O-acylglycerol joined at oxygen (3) by a glycosidic linkage to a carbohydrate, also derivatives of glycerol in which one hydroxy group, commonly but not necessarly primary, is esterified with fatty acids, and execluding those organic compounds consisting of a trisaccharide repeating unit with oligosaccharide side chains and acyl or amine linked fatty acids.

Abstract: A preparation and use thereof for modulating immune response, comprising lipids comprising esters of glycerol (propane 1,2,3-triol) with fatty acids, also including 1,2-di-O-acylglycerols joined at oxygen by a glycosidic linkage to a carbohydrate, also derivatives of glycerol in which one hydroxy group, commonly but not necessarily primary, is esterified with phosphoric acid as mono- or diesters and the other two are esterified with fatty acids, thus excluding those organic compounds consisting of a trisaccharide repeating unit with oligosaccharide side chains and acyl or amine linked fatty acid.

Abstract: A wax bolus for ruminant animals having its melting point controlled so that the bolus is solid and stable at room temperatures but surface soft when present in the reticulo-rumen, whereby in use a beneficial substance is released from the bolus as the surface sticky bolus rubs against and repetitively attaches to and detaches itself from the stomach lining and rumen contents.

Abstract: Means for delivering a beneficial substance such as vitamin E to an animal, employing a pump means in the form of a device (10, 110 or 210) containing a material such as a silicate gel which swells by absorption of waer, for example from the digester in the case of a bolus, to apply pressure to an elastic container for the beneficial substance, whereby to cause the beneficial substance to be expelled through an exit orifice.

Abstract: A bolus for supplying a biologically beneficial substance to a ruminant animal, which includes a binder constituted by a rosin matrix, preferably pine rosin, together with a ballast material, such a zinc, with the biologically beneficial substance being dispersed in the binder, so that, in use, the biologically beneficial substance is released by leaching from the non-eroding body of the bolus. A pocket may be included in the body of the rosin bolus, which pocket erodes to release an additional biologically beneficial substance.

Abstract: An intra-ruminal, slow release bolus for supplying a biologically beneficial substance to a ruminant animal, wherein the beneficial substance, in the form of a relatively high density particulate such as copper oxide, is incorporated in a cylindrical block of a solid, non-toxic binding substance such as salt or sugar which in use dissolves and/or disperses within at most a few hours in the ruminant stomach, leaving the beneficial substance retained in the ruminant stomach for slow release over a period of months.