Abstract: A monitoring system is connected to a hot water heating system. The monitoring system includes a controller and various controls and sensors. Sensors are connected to the components of the hot water heating system including the thermostats, pipes, pumps and valves. Controls are connected to the pumps and valves to control operation of the hot water heating system for testing. During normal operation of the hot water heating system, the sensors are monitored to ensure proper operation. If the heating system does not operate within certain defined time parameters, the system is activated to test components of the heating system. An alarm is activated if the system does not operate properly.

Abstract: An unconventionally thin button-type primary electrochemical cell is described in which a pair of shallow, opposed, dished cover members formed of a conductive metallic material are positioned with an electrically insulating sealing gasket therebetween so that the respective cover members may act as terminals of the primary electrochemical cell. A thin preformed porous carbon cathode disc is fitted within and in mechanical and electrical contact with the inner surface of one of the cover members and a thin alkali metal anode disk is fitted within and in mechanical and electrical contact with the inner surface of the other of the cover members. A thin porous separator of electrically nonconductive material is interposed between the anode and the cathode. A quantity of an electrolyte solution comprising a solute dissolved in an inorganic oxyhalide or thiohalide solvent is diffused throughout the porous carbon cathode and the porous separator.