Abstract: An improved method of preparing 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazatetracyclo[5.5.0.05,9.03,11]dodecane) (HNIW) is disclosed. The compound is useful as a high energy, high density explosive or propellant oxidizer.

Abstract: Until recently, conducting polymers have been used as protective coatings. lthough these types of polymers appear to be effective in most cases, problems have resulted when attempting to bind these polymers to an aluminum surface. The polymers of this invention adhere extremely well to aluminum and aluminum alloys and thus, provide a very effective form of corrosion protection.

Abstract: Novel conjugated amino substituted phenylene polymers are disclosed having on-linear optical properties, and which can be converted to electrically conductive polymers. Such polymers are produced by reacting a novel bis-cycloalkylene sulfonium salt of 2,5,N,N-tetramethylaniline hydrochloride, such as 2,5-(N,N-dimethyl)aniline hydrochloride dimethylene bis-(tetramethylene sulfonium chloride) with alkali metal hydroxide to form a cycloalkylene sulfonium salt precursor polymer, and then heating the precursor polymer under conditions to produce the amino substituted phenylene vinylene polymer, such as poly(2-(N,N-dimethylamino) phenylene vinylene). The polymers can also be made directly by treatment of the bis chlormethyl dimethyl aniline hydrochloride derivative with alkali metal alkoxide.

Abstract: Novel bis-sulfonium salts of amino substituted bis(halomethyl)benzene are disclosed. The sulfonium salts are prepared by reaction of an amino substituted bis(halo methyl)benzene with an aliphatic sulfide. These sulfonium salts can be made into polymer having non-linear optical properties, and polymers which can be converted to electrically conductive polymers. Such polymers are produced by reacting a novel bis-cycloalkylene sulfonium salt of 2,5,N,N-tetramethylaniline hydrochloride, such as 2,5-(N,N-dimethyl)aniline hydrochloride dimethylene bis-(tetramethylene sulfonium chloride) with alkali metal hydroxide to form a cycloalkylene sulfonium salt precursor polymer, and then heating the precursor polymer under conditions to produce the amino substituted phenylene vinylene polymer, such as poly(2-(N,N-dimethylamino) phenylene vinylene).

Abstract: Novel amino substituted bishalomethyl benzene compounds, which are precurs to phenylene polymers are disclosed having non-linear optical properties, and which can be converted to electrically conductive polymers. Such polymers are produced by reacting a novel amino substituted bishalomethyl benzene compound with a dialkyl sulfide to make a bis-cycloalkylene sulfonium salt of 2,5,N,N-tetramethylaniline hydrochloride, which is 2,5-(N,N-dimethyl)aniline hydrochloride dimethylene bis-(tetramethylene sulfonium chloride) and reacting this sulfonium salt with alkali metal hydroxide to form a cycloalkylene sulfonium salt precursor polymer, and then heating the precursor polymer under conditions to produce the amino substituted phenylene vinylene polymer, such as poly(2-(N,N-dimethylamino) phenylene vinylene). The polymers can also be made directly by treatment of the bis chlormethyl dimethyl aminobenzene hydrochloride derivative with alkali metal alkoxide.

Abstract: A process for synthesizing novel conjugated amino substituted phenylene pmers is disclosed. The process results in polymers having non-linear optical properties, and the polymers can be converted to electrically conductive polymers. The process involves reacting a novel bis-cycloalkylene sulfonium salt of 2,5,N,N-tetramethylaniline hydrochloride, such as 2,5-(N,N-dimethyl)aniline hydrochloride dimethylene bis-(tetramethylene sulfonium chloride) with alkali metal hydroxide to form a cycloalkylene sulfonium salt precursor polymer, and then heating the precursor polymer under conditions to produce the amino substituted phenylene vinylene polymer, such as poly(2-(N,N-dimethylamino) phenylene vinylene). Another process involves treatment of the bis chlormethyl dimethyl aniline hydrochloride derivative with alkali metal alkoxide.

Abstract: An apparatus for the removal of higher and lower volatility organic contaminants from media such as soil including an externally heated screw conveyor having an inlet, an outlet and one or more solid core flights, means for collecting and delivering media contaminated with higher and lower volatility organic contaminants to the screw conveyor inlet, at least one infrared radiation source external to the screw conveyor adapted to heat the media in the screw conveyor to a temperature above which at least one of the contaminants volatilize, and means for venting volatilized contaminants from the screw conveyor.

Abstract: Aminonitrobenzodifuroxan (CL-18) is prepared by directly converting pentanitroaniline to aminonitrobenzodifuroxan with heat in the presence of an excess of sodium azide. The pentanitroaniline is prepared in high yield from 3,5-dinitroaniline with a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid in which the final sulfuric acid concentration is from 99.0 to 99.5%.

Abstract: The compound, 5,7-diamino-4,6-dinitro-benzofuroxan is formed by (1) forming reaction mixture containing 4,6-dinitro benzofuroxan, KHCO.sub.3, NH.sub.2 OH HCl and water; (2) forming the potassium salt of the desired compound by adding KOH to the reaction mixture; and (3) adding HCl to replace the potassium ion of the salt with hydrogen. The compound is useful as an explosive.

Abstract: An apparatus for the removal of higher and lower volatility organic contaminants from media such as soil including an externally heated screw conveyor having an inlet, an outlet and one or more solid core flights, means for collecting and delivering media contaminated with higher and lower volatility organic contaminants to the screw conveyor inlet, at least one infrared radiation source external to the screw conveyor adapted to heat the media in the screw conveyor to a temperature above which at least one of the contaminants volatilize, and means for venting volatilized contaminants from the screw conveyor.

Abstract: This invention illustrates a new compound, octanitrobenzidine. It is utild as a new high energy explosive compound. Octanitrobenzidine is formed by dissolving a tetrqanitrobenzidine with sulfuric acid in the presence of a metal sulfate catalyst. This reaction mixture is further reacted with nitric and sulfuric acid at a temperature sufficient to complete the reaction, then rapidly cooled, and octanitrobenzidine is recovered.

Abstract: A primary explosive, potassium 7-hydroxyamino-4,6-dinitro-4,7-dihydrobenzroxanide ##STR1## is prepared by reacting 4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan with hydroxylamine in a methanolic solution of potassium bicarbonate.

Abstract: Pentanitrotoluene is prepared by a method which comprises preparing an amdinitrotoluene from a precursor of either TNT or 2,5-dinitro-3-methylbenzoic acid, nitrating the aminodinitrotoluene to produce a nitramine intermediate, converting the nitramine intermediate to an aminotetranitrotoluene and oxidizing the aminotetranitrotoluene with peroxydisulfuric acid to pentanitrotoluene. Pentanitrotoluene is an explosive.

Abstract: Aminopolynitrotoluenes, having energetic properties, including 4-amino-2,,6-tetranitrotoluene 3-amino-2,4,5,6-tetranitrotoluene and 2-amino-3,4,5,6-tetranitrotoluene, and methods for their preparation. Also, 4-amino-N,2,3,6-tetranitrotoluene and 4-amino-N-2,3,5,6-pentanitrotoluene, each having energetic properties. Further, a process for preparing 2,3,4,5,6-pentanitrotoluene.

Abstract: A new azido compound 1,9-diazido-2,4,6,8-tetranitro-2,4,6,8-tetrazanonane is disclosed, and a method of preparation is disclosed wherein 1,9-dichloro-2,4,6,8-tetranitro-2,4,6,8-tetrazanonane or 1,9-dinitroxy-2,4,6,8-tetranitro-2,4,6,8-tetrazanonane is reacted with sodium azide and dimethylformamide. This new azido compound is useful as an explosive, propellant, or component thereof to modify properties.

Abstract: Hexanitrobenzene is prepared by oxidizing the amine group of pentanitroaniline with H.sub.2 O.sub.2 in H.sub.2 SO.sub.4. The compound is a high density explosive.

Abstract: Trinitrotoluene is selectively reduced by reaction with H.sub.2 S in p-dine to produce 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene. This latter compound is then nitrated with HNO.sub.3 in H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 to produce pentanitroaniline which is, in turn, reacted with NH.sub.3 in benzene, methylene chloride or another suitable solvent to produce triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB). TATB is useful as an explosive.

Abstract: The compound 7-amino-4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan is synthesized by stirring monochloro-4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan in CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 under an ammonia atmosphere. The position of the amino group is proved by reduction with triphenylphosphine to give 7-amino-4,6-dinitrobenzofurazan, a known compound.

Abstract: 5,7-Diamino-4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan is synthesized in high yield by aminan of 7-amino-4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan with hydroxylamine in the presence of strong base such as potassium hydroxide. Acidification of the potassium salt produces a fine powder. Recrystallization of the powder by an extraction process under vacuum in solvents such as dimethylformamide results in large, cube-like crystals which can be pressed to high density explosive formulations. These explosive formulations show high performance as explosives.

Abstract: 5,7-Diamino-4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan is synthesized in high yield by aminan of 7-amino-4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan with hydroxylamine in the presence of strong base such as potassium hydroxide. Acidification of the potassium salt produces a fine powder. Recrystallization of the powder by an extraction process under vacuum in solvents such as dimethylformamide results in large, cube-like crystals which can be pressed to high density explosive formulations. These explosive formulations show high performance as explosives.