Abstract: A rotating cubic puzzle having 6 faces in the manner of Rubik's Cube (trademark name for cubic puzzle) and having an N×N array of cells on each face. Each cell of the puzzle has a numerical value associated with it such that when the puzzle is successfully solved, the numerical values of any row, column or “space diagonal” will add up to the same number.

Abstract: A puzzle apparatus for the study of chemistry and based upon the Zmaczynski equilateral triangular model of the periodic table of the chemical elements. A pyramid shape is used as a puzzle base and it has a series of apertures that represent the positions of the elements in the periodic table. The apertures are used to hold and display rhombohedral shaped puzzle pieces that represent the elements of the periodic table. Each of the puzzle pieces has six faces, and each face is able to hold relevant information pertaining to that element and to enable the student to use the information to replace the element into its correct position in the table of elements.

Abstract: A rotating cubic puzzle having 6 faces in the manner of Rubik's Cube (trademark name for cubic puzzle) and having an N×N array of cells on each face. Each cell of the puzzle has a numerical value associated with it such that when the puzzle is successfully solved, the numerical values of any row, column or “space diagonal” will add up to the same number.

Abstract: A puzzle apparatus for the study of chemistry and its history and based upon the standard periodic table of the chemical elements. The puzzle includes a puzzle board for holding cubic shaped pieces corresponding to the elements of the periodic table. The puzzle board includes a depressed area capable of holding the cubic shaped pieces in a matrix array of elements that reflects the periodic table.

Abstract: A puzzle apparatus for the study of chemistry and based upon the Zmaczynski equilateral triangular model of the periodic table of the chemical elements. A pyramid shape is used as a puzzle base and it has a series of apertures that represent the positions of the elements in the periodic table. The apertures are used to hold and display rhombohedral shaped puzzle pieces that represent the elements of the periodic table. Each of the puzzle pieces has six faces, and each face is able to hold relevant information pertaining to that element and to enable the student to use the information to replace the element into its correct position in the table of elements.

Abstract: A puzzle apparatus for the study of chemistry and its history and based upon the Giguere model of the periodic table of the chemical elements. The puzzle includes a base and an optional spine holding a series of framework sections that are designed to hold a plurality of tiles. Each of the tiles corresponds to a single chemical element that belongs to a given electron sub-orbital grouping of elements according to the Giguere model of the periodic table. Each of the framework sections is arranged in a three dimensional space in relationship to the other sections and in keeping with the Giguere model of these relationships.

Abstract: A puzzle apparatus for the study of chemistry and its history and based upon the Zmaczynski equilateral triangular model of the periodic table of the chemical elements. A triangular shaped base is used as a puzzle base and it is shaped and sized in order accommodate rhombohedron shaped pieces that fit into the base and form an overall triangular shape when the puzzle is complete. A successfully completed puzzle would have each piece reflecting a chemical element in its correct place in the periodic chart in the Zmaczynski representation.

Abstract: A twisting three dimensional puzzle apparatus for the study of chemistry and its history and based upon the Zmaczynski equilateral triangular model of the periodic table of the chemical elements. Each face of the pyramid has a series of equilateral shaped portions bearing portions of the periodic table of elements. The different segments can be rotated around in order to scramble the puzzle. Such portions can be constructed using same or similar technology that was used to design the Meffert PYRAMINX PUZZLE that is similar to the RUBIK'S CUBE design.

Abstract: A distillation device including an enclosed tube of elliptical or circular cross section and having a top of an inverted shape so that the inverted portion points downward. The upper section of the outer tube should be of a material that permits the heating of the tube by solar radiation and allows solar radiation to enter the tube and heat the liquid inside. The lower portion could include materials that reflect radiation upward toward the liquid and may include absorptive materials. The apparatus includes a device for forming a vacuum and an element for focusing sunlight that enters the top of the tube upon the liquid inside the tube.