Abstract: A densitometer apparatus (200) is disclosed and is adapted to provide color density measurements of opaque materials. The densitometer apparatus (200) comprises a light source unit (202) having a source light (204) projecting light through a collimating lens (206). Light rays transmitted through the collimating lens (206) project through an aperture (208). The rays are projected onto an irradiated area surface of an object sample (212) under test. Electromagnetic radiation in the form of reflected light rays (214) are reflected from the sample (212). The reflected light rays are directed through a spectral filter apparatus (216) and impinge on receptor surfaces of photo-voltaic sensor cells (232, 234, 236). The sensors (232, 234, 236) generate electrical currents having magnitudes proportional to the intensities of the sensed light rays.

Abstract: An improved catalytic converter for the exhaust gases of an automotive engine is disclosed, the converter including a plurality of honeycomb type catalyst carrier elements, annular spacer members and cushioning rings mounted in compressed sandwich fashion within a cylindrical casing section so that the only rigid connection is between the ends of the assembled sandwich and the casing, the cushioning rings being formed of compressed metallic wires and having a triangular cross-sectional configuration which compressively engages within correspondingly shaped annular spaces at the ends of the carrier elements so that the compressive forces of each cushioning ring are transmitted to the associated carrier element with a radially inward component and a longitudinally inward component.

Abstract: An improved catalytic converter and gas purification method for the exhaust gases of an automotive engine is disclosed, the converter including a plurality of honeycomb type catalyst carrier elements, annular spacer members and cushioning rings mounted in compressed sandwich fashion within a cylindrical casing section so that the only rigid connection is between the ends of the assembled sandwich and the casing, the length of the catalyst carrier elements being such that the gases flowing through the passages of each element when the engine is at fast idle will contact the catalyst deposited thereon substantially throughout before changing from its initial turbulent condition to a fully developed laminar condition and the length of the spaces between elements being such as to insure that the flow entering each element is turbulent.