Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for improving the flow distribution in the high temperature zone of a cyclic flow reactor, such as a reverse flow reactor. The systems can include a plurality of mixing plates that can facilitate mixing of flows that have been maintained separately until a mixing location. Based in part on the use of a plurality of mixing plates, methods are provided for operating a reverse flow reactor with a temperature profile that has improved uniformity across the cross-section of the reactor. In some aspects, a flame diffuser can be included downstream from the plurality of mixing plates to further improve the uniformity of the temperature distribution.

Abstract: Catalyst systems are provided for reforming of hydrocarbons, along with methods for using such catalyst systems. The catalyst systems can be deposited or otherwise coated on a surface or structure, such as a monolith, to achieve improved activity and/or structural stability. The metal oxide support layer can correspond to a thermally stable metal oxide support layer, such as a metal oxide support layer that is thermally phase stable at temperatures of 800° C. to 1600° C. The catalyst systems can be beneficial for use in cyclical reaction environments, such as reverse flow reactors or other types of reactors that are operated using flows in opposing directions and different times within a reaction cycle.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for using size-reversing materials in vessels where direct heating is used to at least partially provide heat for reforming reactions under cyclic reforming conditions. An example of a size-reversing material is the combination of NiO and Al2O3. It has been discovered that size-reversing materials can undergo a phase transition that can assist with re-dispersion of metal at elevated temperatures. This can assist with maintaining catalytic activity for reforming over longer time periods in the presence of cyclic reforming conditions.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a microporous crystalline metallosilicate having a Constraint Index of 12, or 10, or 8, or 6 or less, a binder, a Group 1 alkali metal or a compound thereof and/or a Group 2 alkaline earth metal or a compound thereof, a Group 10 metal or a compound thereof, and, optionally, a Group 11 metal or a compound thereof; wherein the catalyst is calcined in a first calcining step before the addition of the Group 10 metal or compound thereof and optionally the Group 11 metal or compound thereof; and wherein the first calcining step includes heating the catalyst to first temperatures of greater than 500° C.; and wherein the catalyst is calcined in a second calcining step after the addition of the Group 10 metal or compound thereof and optionally the Group 11 metal or compound thereof wherein the second calcining step includes heating the catalyst to temperatures of greater than 400° C.

Abstract: Catalyst systems are provided for reforming of hydrocarbons, along with methods for using such catalyst systems. The catalyst systems can be deposited or otherwise coated on a surface or structure, such as a monolith, to achieve improved activity and/or structural stability. The metal oxide support layer can correspond to a thermally stable metal oxide support layer, such as a metal oxide support layer that is thermally phase stable at temperatures of 800° C. to 1600° C. The catalyst systems can be beneficial for use in cyclical reaction environments, such as reverse flow reactors or other types of reactors that are operated using flows in opposing directions and different times within a reaction cycle.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for using size-reversing materials in vessels where direct heating is used to at least partially provide heat for reforming reactions under cyclic reforming conditions. An example of a size-reversing material is the combination of NiO and Al2O3. It has been discovered that size-reversing materials can undergo a phase transition that can assist with re-dispersion of metal at elevated temperatures. This can assist with maintaining catalytic activity for reforming over longer time periods in the presence of cyclic reforming conditions.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a microporous crystalline metallosilicate having a Constraint Index of 12, or 10, or 8, or 6 or less, a binder, a Group 1 alkali metal or a compound thereof and/or a Group 2 alkaline earth metal or a compound thereof, a Group 10 metal or a compound thereof, and, optionally, a Group 11 metal or a compound thereof; wherein the catalyst is calcined in a first calcining step before the addition of the Group 10 metal or compound thereof and optionally the Group 11 metal or compound thereof; and wherein the first calcining step includes heating the catalyst to first temperatures of greater than 500° C.; and wherein the catalyst is calcined in a second calcining step after the addition of the Group 10 metal or compound thereof and optionally the Group 11 metal or compound thereof wherein the second calcining step includes heating the catalyst to temperatures of greater than 400° C.

Abstract: Methods and systems for the conversion of hydrocarbon feedstocks, in particular, naphtha feedstocks, into a hydrocarbon product stream containing a high yield of high-octane gasoline and chemicals products. In particular, the conversion takes place over a series of functionally distinctive catalyst beds, at least one of which includes a modified zeolitic catalyst comprising a zeolite, a transition metal, and optionally a binder. Systems provided include a hydrocarbon feed stream, which may be full-range naphtha, a hydrocarbon product stream, and a plurality of functionally distinctive catalyst beds arranged in series, wherein at least one of the catalyst beds comprises a modified zeolitic catalyst.

Abstract: A systems and method for manufacturing a base stock from an ethanol stream are described herein. An example method includes dehydrating an ethanol stream to form an impure ethylene mixture, recovering an ethylene stream from the impure ethylene mixture, and oligomerizing the ethylene stream to form a raw oligomer stream. A heavy olefinic stream is distilled from the raw oligomer stream. The heavy olefinic stream is hydro-processed to form a hydro-processed stream, and the hydro-processed stream is distilled to form the base stock.

Abstract: Adsorbents for aromatic adsorption are used to improve one or more properties of base stocks derived from deasphalted oil fractions. The adsorbents can allow for removal of polynuclear aromatics from an intermediate effluent or final effluent during base stock production. Removal of polynuclear aromatics can be beneficial for improving the color of heavy neutral base stocks and/or reducing the turbidity of bright stocks.

Abstract: Systems and a method for manufacturing a base stock from a hydrocarbon stream are provided. An example method includes cracking the hydrocarbon stream to form a raw hydrocarbon stream, separating an ethylene stream from the raw hydrocarbon stream and oligomerizing the ethylene stream to form a raw oligomer stream. A light olefinic stream is distilled from the raw oligomer stream and linear alpha olefins are recovered from the light olefinic stream. A heavy olefinic stream is distilled from the raw oligomer stream. The heavy olefinic stream is hydro-processed to form a hydro-processed stream. The hydro-processed stream is distilled to form the base stock.

Abstract: Methods and a system for manufacturing a base stock from an ethanol stream are provided. An example method includes dehydrating an ethanol stream to form an impure ethylene stream, recovering an ethylene stream from the impure ethylene stream, and oligomerizing the ethylene stream to form a raw oligomer stream. A light olefinic stream is distilled from the raw oligomer stream and blended with the ethylene stream prior to the oligomerization. A heavy olefinic stream is distilled from the raw oligomer stream and hydro-processed to form a hydro-processed stream. The hydro-processed stream is distilled to form the base stock.

Abstract: This application relates to methods and systems for the conversion of hydrocarbon feedstocks, in particular, naphtha feedstocks, into a hydrocarbon product stream containing a high yield of high-octane gasoline and chemicals products. In particular, the conversion takes place over a series of functionally distinctive catalyst beds, at least one of which includes a modified zeolitic catalyst comprising a zeolite, a transition metal, and optionally a binder. Systems provided include a hydrocarbon feed stream, which may be full-range naphtha, a hydrocarbon product stream, and a plurality of functionally distinctive catalyst beds arranged in series, wherein at least one of the catalyst beds comprises a modified zeolitic catalyst.

Abstract: Systems and a method for manufacturing a base stock from a hydrocarbon stream are provided. An example method includes cracking the hydrocarbon stream to form a raw product stream, separating an ethylene stream from the raw product stream, and oligomerizing the ethylene stream to form a raw oligomer stream. A Light olefinic stream is distilled from the raw oligomer stream and oligomerized the light olefinic stream with the ethylene stream. A heavy olefinic stream is distilled from the raw oligomer stream. The heavy olefinic stream is to form a hydro-processed and distilled to form the base stock.

Abstract: Processes for separating methane from a gas mixture that comprises methane and C2 gas, including C2+ gas, and other gases, including CO2 and H2S, that are based upon formation of gas hydrates, and systems useful for implementing such processes, are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and a system for manufacturing a base stock from an ethanol stream are provided. An example method includes dehydrating an ethanol stream to form an impure ethylene stream, recovering an ethylene stream from the impure ethylene stream, and oligomerizing the ethylene stream to form a raw oligomer stream. A light olefinic stream is distilled from the raw oligomer stream and blended with the ethylene stream prior to the oligomerization. A heavy olefinic stream is distilled from the raw oligomer stream and hydro-processed to form a hydro-processed stream. The hydro-processed stream is distilled to form the base stock.

Abstract: Systems and a method for manufacturing a base stock from a hydrocarbon stream are provided. An example method includes cracking the hydrocarbon stream to form a raw product stream, separating an ethylene stream from the raw product stream, and oligomerizing the ethylene stream to form a raw oligomer stream. A Light olefinic stream is distilled from the raw oligomer stream and oligomerized the light olefinic stream with the ethylene stream. A heavy olefinic stream is distilled from the raw oligomer stream. The heavy olefinic stream is to form a hydro-processed and distilled to form the base stock.

Abstract: Systems and a method for manufacturing a base stock from a hydrocarbon stream are provided. An example method includes cracking the hydrocarbon stream to form a raw hydrocarbon stream, separating an ethylene stream from the raw hydrocarbon stream and oligomerizing the ethylene stream to form a raw oligomer stream. A light olefinic stream is distilled from the raw oligomer stream and linear alpha olefins are recovered from the light olefinic stream. A heavy olefinic stream is distilled from the raw oligomer stream. The heavy olefinic stream is hydro-processed to form a hydro-processed stream. The hydro-processed stream is distilled to form the base stock.

Abstract: A systems and method for manufacturing a base stock from an ethanol stream are described herein. An example method includes dehydrating an ethanol stream to form an impure ethylene mixture, recovering an ethylene stream from the impure ethylene mixture, and oligomerizing the ethylene stream to form a raw oligomer stream. A heavy olefinic stream is distilled from the raw oligomer stream. The heavy olefinic stream is hydro-processed to form a hydro-processed stream, and the hydro-processed stream is distilled to form the base stock.

Abstract: Adsorbents for aromatic adsorption are used to improve one or more properties of base stocks derived from deasphalted oil fractions. The adsorbents can allow for removal of polynuclear aromatics from an intermediate effluent or final effluent during base stock production. Removal of polynuclear aromatics can be beneficial for improving the color of heavy neutral base stocks and/or reducing the turbidity of bright stocks.