Abstract: Wear resistant cutting tools are comprised of cutting tools implanted with at least one element selected from the group consisting of, chlorine, fluorine, bromine, iodine, sulfur, indium, gallium and tin. The elements are implanted within the cutting tools in at least an effective amount to increase the wear resistance of the insert, up to an amount that does not substantially impair the hot hardness and toughness of the tool.In a method for lubricating the interface between a cutting tool and a workpiece in a lathe turning operation, at least one element selected from the group consisting of fluorine, bromine, iodine, sulfur, indium, gallium and tin are implanted in the tool. The elements are implanted so that the elements can lubricate the interface between the cutting edge and workpiece during turning without substantially impairing the hot hardness and toughness of the cutting tool.

Abstract: A cutting tool is monitored on-line by measuring the heat generation rate at the cutting edge and relating this to the condition of the cutting edge. A flow of fluid coolant contacts the back surface of the cutting tool and the coolant temperature rise is measured during the machining process. The temperature difference and its rate of rise or fall is a direct indication of the heat generation rate and is related to tool conditions such as excessive and rapid wear and breakage. In the case of inserts, coolant channels are formed in the reusable seat, and tool holder channels provide for flow of coolant to the seat.

Abstract: An instrumented tool holder is described wherein a multicomponent force sensor embedded in said tool holder beneath the cutting insert is so oriented that the resultant of cutting forces applied to the cutting insert will pass through the approximate center of the force sensor during a machining operation.

Abstract: The invention is an improvement in ledge tools in that the ledge, or cutting element, is made of alumina-base ceramic material.

Abstract: An improved self-sharpening refractory metal cutting tool presenting an overhanging cutting element of width about equal to the depth of the cut to be taken and of maximum thickness equal to tolerable tool flank wear is provided with a plurality of grooves at least on the rake face of the over-hanging cutting portion, or cutting element, to guide the chip leaving the workpiece and to reduce the cutting forces. These chip-grooves are utilized in sequence as the cutting element is consumed lengthwise during the machining operation.

Abstract: An improved self-sharpening refractory metal cutting tool presenting an overhanging cutting element of width about equal to the depth of the cut to be taken and of maximum thickness equal to tolerable tool flank wear is provided with a thin, chemically stable, chemically inert refractory coating metallurgically bonded to the rake face of the tool, at least on the rake face of the cutting element.

Abstract: A cutting insert presents clearance and rake faces constructed and dimensionally interrelated to provide a plurality of adjacent offset, substantially parallel, non-coplanar cutting edges. The offset is in the range of from about 0.010 to 0.100 inch and the planes along the clearance face, which include the cutting edges, form part of a series of steps defined by intersecting planes. Each of the angles between these intersecting planes has a value of at least about 90 degrees.

Abstract: A self-sharpening refractory metal cutting tool presenting an overhanging cutting portion, i.e. a flange, or ledge, of width equal to (or slightly greater than) the depth of the cut to be taken and maximum thickness equal to tolerable tool flank wear is disclosed. This tool construction has special utility in a novel high-speed cutting method in which only the tool flange does the cutting in which operation the flange is worn away with the wear progressing lengthwise of the flange during which time the flange sequentially performs a roughing cut and then a finishing cut in a single pass.

Abstract: A dynamically stiffened rotary tool construction is disclosed. The preferred stiffening means are a pair of spaced, adjustable, rotatably-mounted cam followers.

Abstract: A self-lubricating cemented carbide cutting tool of special utility in titanium machining having a copper coating bearing a film of copper iodide is provided by coating the tool with a layer of copper, heating to bond the copper to the cemented carbide and thereafter reacting the copper with iodine to form the film of desired thickness.

Abstract: A kit containing the components essential for repairing, in situ, damaged or fractured porcelain plumbing fixtures and the like. A method for carrying out such repair includes cleaning, shaping, and priming the damaged area, applying a bonding agent preferably containing two silanes and a water-displacing solvent, then applying a filling agent comprising a blend of vitreous powder, a powdered polymer, and a resin binder, allowing the agent to set and harden, and finishing. A filler composition or agent and an advantageous bonding composition are also provided.

Abstract: A method comprising contacting a wetting liquid with the surface of a resin-bonded diamond grinding wheel, wetting and forming a film on the face of the resin component of the wheel surface, and grinding and resulting wetted wheel surface with a silicon carbide or silicon nitride ceramic body generating ceramic chips which adhere to said wetted resin face forming a slurry layer thereon which simultaneously dresses and conditions said wheel during grinding.

Abstract: A composition for detecting normally invisible cracks and splits in teeth, both in situ or in vitro. A detector solution contains a dye adapted to selectively stain such cracks and splits, advantageously methyl violet, a small amount of a surfactant, preferably dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, and a small amount of an acid, preferably glacial acetic acid, the remainder essentially water. A kit provides a holder or container and, at least one bottle containing such detector solution and one bottle containing a solvent for removing detector solution after the completion of the test. A preferred kit provides, in addition to the dye-removing solvent, two bottles, one containing solvent and dye, the other one containing solvent, surfactant, and acid, and equal amounts from each of these two bottles are mixed just before use on a patient. A method of selectively staining and detecting normally invisible cracks and splits is also provided.