Abstract: A succinimide composition is prepared by reacting a mixture of an alkenyl or alkylsuccinic acid derivative, an unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer, and a polyamine under reactive conditions. The alkenyl or alkyl substituent of the alkenyl or alkylsuccinic acid derivative has a Mn of from 1000 to 5000. The unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer is a copolymer of an unsaturated acidic reagent and an alkylene group. That alkylene group can be an .alpha.-olefin having 8 to 42 carbon atoms, a polyalkylene having from 8 to 28 carbon atoms, ethylene, styrene, 1,3-butadiene, vinyl alkyl ether having at least 3 carbon atoms, or vinyl alkanoate having at least 4 carbon atoms. The polyamine has at least three nitrogen atoms and 4 to 20 carbon atoms. The mixture contains from 0.5 to 10 equivalents of the alkenyl or alkylsuccinic acid derivative per equivalent of unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer and from 0.4 to 1.

Abstract: A succinimide composition is prepared by reacting a mixture of an alkenyl or alkylsuccinic acid derivative, an unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer, and a polyamine under reactive conditions. The alkenyl or alkyl substituent of the alkenyl or alkylsuccinic acid derivative has a Mn of from 1000 to 5000. The unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer is a copolymer of an unsaturated acidic reagent and an alkylene group. That alkylene group can be an .alpha.-olefin having 8 to 42 carbon atoms, a polyalkylene having from 8 to 28 carbon atoms, ethylene, styrene, 1,3-butadiene, vinyl alkyl ether having at least 3 carbon atoms, or vinyl alkanoate having at least 4 carbon atoms. The polyamine has at least three nitrogen atoms and 4 to 20 carbon atoms. The mixture contains from 0.5 to 10 equivalents of the alkenyl or alkylsuccinic acid derivative per equivalent of unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer and from 0.4 to 1.

Abstract: A terpolymer having an average M.sub.n of from 600 to 100,000 is obtained by the terpolymerization of a 1-olefin having from 10 to 30 carbon atoms, maleic anhydride, and a 1,1 -disubstituted polyisobutylene having an average M.sub.n of from 500 to 5,000.

Abstract: A polysuccinimide composition is prepared by reacting a mixture of a copolymer of a first unsaturated acidic reagent and a 1,1-disubstituted olefin; a copolymer of a second unsaturated acidic reagent and a 1-olefin, and a polyamine under reactive conditions; then treating the reaction product with either a cyclic carbonate or a linear mono- or polycarbonate or boron compound under reactive conditions. The two unsaturated acidic reagents can be the same or different. The mixture contains from 0.1 to 1.5 equivalents of polyamine per equivalent of acidic groups of the first and second copolymers.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition, having an ash content of less than 1.5 weight percent, has a base oil of lubricating viscosity, and a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate having a zinc to phosphorus weight ratio in the range of from 0.95:1 to 1.04:1.

Abstract: A succinimide composition is prepared by reacting a mixture of an alkenyl or alkylsuccinic acid derivative, an unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer, and a polyamine under reactive conditions; then treating the reaction product with either a cyclic carbonate or a linear mono- or polycarbonate or boron compound under reactive conditions. The alkenyl or alkyl substituent of the alkenyl or alkylsuccinic acid derivative has a Mn of from 1800 to 3000. The unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer has a Mn of from 2000 to 4800, and is a copolymer of an unsaturated acidic reagent and an olefin having an average of from 14 to 30 carbon atoms. The polyamine has at least three nitrogen atoms and 4 to 20 carbon atoms. The mixture contains from 1.5 to 10 equivalents of the alkenyl or alkylsuccinic acid derivative per equivalent of unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer and from 0.4 to 1.0 moles of polyamine per equivalent of alkenyl or alkylsuccinic acid derivative plus unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an alkenyl-substituted succinic anhydride wherein the alkenyl substituent has a number average molecular weight of from about 500 to 5000 and the average number of succinic groups per alkenyl group is greater than 1.2 which comprises:(a) reacting a polyolefin having an alkylvinylidene isomer content of less than about 10 percent and a number average molecular weight of about 500 to 5000 with maleic anhydride at a temperature in the range of about 200.degree. C. to 250.degree. C. to provide a mixture of alkenyl succinic anhydride having an average of about 1.0 succinic group per alkenyl group and unreacted polyolefin, and(b) reacting the mixture of alkenyl succinic anhydride and unreacted polyolefin from step (a) with maleic anhydride in the presence of a free radical initiator at a temperature in the range of about 100.degree. C. to 220.degree. C. to thereby provide an alkenyl succinic anhydride having an average of greater than 1.2 succinic groups per alkenyl group.

Abstract: Novel copolymers of unsaturated acidic reactants and high molecular weight olefins are useful as dispersants in lubricating oils and fuels and also may be used to prepare polysuccinimides and other post-treated additives useful in lubricating oils and fuels. The ratio of anhydride groups to the hydrocarbon groups in these novel copolymers is at least 1.3.

Abstract: Novel copolymers of unsaturated acidic reactants and high molecular weight olefins are useful as dispersants in lubricating oils and fuels and also may be used to prepare polysuccinimides and other post-treated additives useful in lubricating oils and fuels. The ratio of anhydride groups to the hydrocarbon groups in these novel copolymers is at least 1.3.

Abstract: Alkenyl or alkyl succinimide additives which are the reaction product of a high molecular weight alkenyl- or alkyl-substituted succinic anhydride and a polyalkylene polyamine having an average of greater than 4 nitrogen atoms per mole, wherein the reaction product is post-treated with a cyclic carbonate, are compatible with fluoroelastomer engine seals and, for concentration levels at which fluoroelastomer seal compatibility is achieved, possess improved dispersancy and/or detergency properties when employed in chlorine-free lubricating oils.

Abstract: Alkenyl or alkyl succinimide additives which are the reaction product of a high molecular weight alkenyl- or alkyl-substituted succinic anhydride and a polyalkylene polyamine having an average of greater than 4 nitrogen atoms per mole, wherein the reaction product is post-treated with a cyclic carbonate, are compatible with fluorocarbon engine seals and, for concentration levels at which fluorocarbon seal compatibility is achieved, possess improved dispersancy and/or detergency properties when employed in lubricating oils and fuels,

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an alkenyl-substituted succinic anhydride wherein the alkenyl substituent has a number average molecular weight of from about 500 to 5000 and the average number of succinic groups per alkenyl group is greater than 1.2 which comprises reacting a polyolefin having an alkylvinylidene isomer content of less than about 10 percent and a number average molecular weight of about 500 to 5000 with maleic anhydride in the presence of a free radical initiator at a temperature in the range of about 80.degree. C. to 220.degree. C. for a period of less than 20 hours, wherein the molar ratio of maleic anhydride to polyolefin is about 1.0:1 to 9:1, and wherein the half-life of the decomposition of the free radical initiator is about 5 minutes to 10 hours at the reaction temperature.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an alkenyl-substituted succinic anhydride wherein the alkenyl substituent has a number average molecular weight of from about 500 to 5000 and the average number of succinic groups per alkenyl group is greater than 1.2 which comprises:(a) reacting a polyolefin having an alkylvinylidene isomer content of less than about 10 percent and a number average molecular weight of about 500 to 5000 with maleic anhydride in the presence of a free radical initiator at a temperature in the range of about 100.degree. C. to 220.degree. C. to provide a mixture of alkenyl succinic anhydride having an average of greater than 1.2 succinic groups per alkenyl group and unreacted polyolefin, wherein the conversion of polyolefin is from about 30 to about 65 percent, and(b) reacting the mixture of alkenyl succinic anhydride and unreacted polyolefin with maleic anhydride at a temperature in the range of about 200.degree. C. to 250.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for preparing an oligomeric copolymer of an unsaturated acidic reactant and a high molecular weight olefin having a sufficient number of carbon atoms such that the resulting copolymer is soluble in lubricating oil and wherein at least 20 weight percent of the total olefin comprises an alkylvinylidene isomer, which process comprises reacting the high molecular weight olefin with the unsaturated acidic reactant in the presence of a solvent which comprises the reaction product of an unsaturated acidic reactant and a high molecular weight olefin.