Abstract: A system is provided for feeding a process or bath with a high purity liquid and when needed upgrading or maintaining the purity of such liquid when delivered from a bulk shipping container. In the system, the liquid in which a high degree of purity is desired is pumped through a filter and sensor which detects the level of particulates while maintaining the integrity of the product against contamination. The purity of the liquid is upgraded by pumping, i.e., recirculating, the liquid through a filtration media while sensing the purity, and returning the processing liquid when the desired level of purity is reached. A gas vent filter is used to purify air or vapor passing into or out of the system avoids pressure or vacuum buildup.

Abstract: An improved automatic bottle filling apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes a spring loaded back pressure plate which avoids jamming of bottles that are carried by conveyor. A bottle detection system comprising a photoelectric device or microswitch assures positioning and detection of an individual bottle. Vibration is essentially dampened by guide plates. Overheating of the drive motors to operate the vertical movement is obviated by use of a pair of continuously operated motors and running in opposite directions connected to mechanical actuators and by means of clutch brake mechanisms.

Abstract: A plurality of bottles (125) or other containers are delivered and aligned under a plurality of filler heads (110) each having a liquid feed channel (113) extending vertically downward to outwardly opening apertures (119) and also an inert gas feed channel (116) extending vertically downward to a lower end (117) below the apertures (119). The bottles (125) are moved upward (134) and chemicals are delivered into the bottles (125) through the liquid feed channel (113) and apertures (119). When the liquid level (127) of each bottle reaches the lower end (117), the back pressure in the inert gas feed channel (116) is sensed (123) and the liquid flow is shut off (120). Contamination of the bottles by particulates is minimized since no moving parts are required above the level of the bottles and because no contact is required between the filler heads and the bottles.

Abstract: A nickel or cobalt layer is electroplated from a fluoborate bath directly onto a lead or lead alloy or tin or tin alloy sublayer, which has been electroplated onto a metal surface. Microcracked chrome is electroplated over the nickel or cobalt layer. With a nonconductive plastic substrate, the sublayer is electroplated onto a metal film which was deposited on the plastic by an electroless method. The plated product includes a sublayer of about 0.05 to 2 mils lead or lead alloy or tin or tin alloy, a second layer of about 0.05 to 2 mils nickel or cobalt, and an outer layer of about 0.001 to 1 mil chrome.