Abstract: A transmission apparatus and a method for operating the apparatus comprises means for controlling flow of frame based data transmitted from a local frame based data channel interface over a synchronous digital network. The method of operation comprises the transmitter receiving frame based data at a first rate whereafter a buffer is configured to receive the frame based data. A data amount threshold level for the buffer is pre-determined whereafter, with respect to the threshold level, an amount of transmitted frame based data that has been received is monitored. In response to monitoring the amount of data received, a signal, in the form of a pause frame, is generated wherein the signal is configurable to adapt the rate of transmission from the frame based data channel interface. Working in conjunction with the transmission means there is also provided a receiver for controlling flow of frame based data, received from a synchronous digital network, to a frame based data channel interface.

Abstract: A transmission apparatus and a method for operating the apparatus comprises means for controlling flow of frame based data transmitted from a local frame based data channel interface over a synchronous digital network. The method of operation comprises the transmitter receiving frame based data at a first rate whereafter a buffer is configured to receive the frame based data. A data amount threshold level for the buffer is predetermined whereafter, with respect to the threshold level, an amount of transmitted frame based data that has been received is monitored. In response to monitoring the amount of data received, a signal, in the form of a pause frame, is generated wherein the signal is configurable to adapt the rate of transmission from the frame based data channel interface. Working in conjunction with the transmission means there is also provided a receiver for controlling flow of frame based data, received from a synchronous digital network, to a frame based data channel interface.

Abstract: A transmission apparatus and a method for operating the apparatus comprises means for controlling flow of frame based data transmitted from a local frame based data channel interface over a synchronous digital network. The method of operation comprises the transmitter receiving frame based data at a first rate whereafter a buffer is configured to receive the frame based data. A data amount threshold level for the buffer is pre-determined whereafter, with respect to the threshold level, an amount of transmitted frame based data that has been received is monitored. In response to monitoring the amount of data received, a signal, in the form of a pause frame, is generated wherein the signal is configurable to adapt the rate of transmission from the frame based data channel interface. Working in conjunction with the transmission means there is also provided a receiver for controlling flow of frame based data, received from a synchronous digital network, to a frame based data channel interface.

Abstract: A direct thermographic material has one or more thermographic layers on a polymeric support. Two protective layers are disposed over the one or more thermographic layers and both protective layers comprise the same polymer as the predominant binder. The outermost protective layer contains one or more lubricants while the innermost protective layer is substantially free of lubricants.

Abstract: Black-and-white, dry processable thermally developable materials have increased stability after imaging with the incorporation of at least 0.0001 mol/m2 of a thermal solvent having one or more >N—C(?O)— groups. Such thermally developable materials include both thermographic and photothermographic materials.

Abstract: Photothermographic materials contain one or more blocked aliphatic thiol compounds in an amount of at least 1 mg/m2 as stabilizers. These compounds have a calculated octanol-water partition coefficient (c log P value) of 2.0 or greater, and an N value equal to or greater than 6.5.

Abstract: Thermally developable materials such as photothermographic and thermographic materials contain one or more boron compounds in an amount of at least 0.001 g/m2 as stabilizers. These boron compounds have an X—B(OL)-Z moiety.

Abstract: Solid particle dispersions of certain ascorbic acid esters are prepared in the presence of at least 0.5 and less than 50 weight % of a particle growth modifier based on the weight of the ascorbic acid ester. The particle growth modifier is an alkyl carboxylic acid having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, an alkyl ester of glycerol wherein the alkyl moiety has from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, or a stereoisomer of the ascorbic acid ester. The resulting aqueous solid particle dispersion can be used in various thermally developable materials including thermographic and photothermographic materials.

Abstract: Thermally developable compositions, such as thermographic and photothermographic emulsions, include certain ascorbic acid derivatives as reducing agents for the reducible silver ions in the non-photosensitive source of silver. These compositions can be used to prepare thermographic and photothermographic materials having improved post-processing stability. Such materials can have thermally developable imaging layers on one or both sides of the support and be arranged in association with one or more phosphor intensifying screens in imaging assemblies. These imaging assemblies can be exposed to X-radiation and thereby excited to form a latent image in the photothermographic material that can eventually be used for medical diagnosis.

Abstract: A method of transmitting OSI layer 2 datacoms data by direct incorporation into a plurality of synchronous digital hierarchy virtual containers is disclosed, in which a higher bit rate OSI layer 2 data frame is multiplexed into a plurality of lower bit rate SDH (or SONET) virtual containers, which are transmitted simultaneously and in parallel over a synchronous communications network. The plurality of virtual containers are virtually concatenated by association of the payloads of the plurality of virtual containers. Re-assembly of the OSI layer 2 data frames from a plurality of virtually concatenated VCs is achieved by storing each received VC payload corresponding to an OSI layer 2 data frame in a corresponding respective memory location, and alternately reading interleaved bytes from the plurality of payloads under control of a plurality of read pointers.

Abstract: Thermally developable photothermographic materials comprise a backside layer that includes a backside stabilizer to reduce fog formation in high humidity conditions, thereby providing improved shelf stability. Useful backside stabilizers include an amine organic base whose conjugate acid has a pKa greater than 5. These backside stabilizers can be provided particularly in non-photosensitive compositions that include an antihalation composition.

Abstract: A frame based data communications network is interfaced to a synchronous digital hierarchy network via a plurality of frame based data port cards incorporated into a plurality of synchronous multiplexers. Each port card comprises a conventional frame based data port, a frame switch, a rate adapter means and a mapping means for mapping data frames into a plurality of SDH virtual containers. Frame based data is incorporated directly into a synchronous virtual container without encapsulation in an intermediate protocol. A number of topologies of a frame based data channel network are possible, overlaid on the underlying synchronous transport network, including an open loop topology, a ring mode topology, and a backhaul topology.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of converting synchronously between a plurality of VC-3 container streams and a plurality of STS-1 synchronous payload envelope streams within the synchronous digital hierarchy. A stream of VC-3 containers is converted to a stream of STS-1 SPEs by reading the VC-3s in a VC-4 container stream, adding redundant byte columns to each VC-3 stream and re-writing said VC-3 streams to an STS-3 synchronous payload envelope stream. Conversely, a plurality of STS-1 synchronous payload envelope streams are converted to a plurality of VC-3 virtual container streams by reading the STS-1 SPE streams from an STS-3C SPE stream; removing redundant stuff byte columns from each STS-1 SPE stream; writing the STS-1 SPE streams to a VC-4 virtual container stream; recalculating pointer positions, writing pointer bytes to the VC-4 stream, and adding a plurality of redundant stuff bytes to the VC-4 container stream.

Abstract: A frame based data communications network is interfaced to a synchronous digital hierarchy network via a plurality of frame based data port cards incorporated into a plurality of synchronous multiplexers. Each port card comprises a conventional frame based data port, a frame switch, a rate adapter means and a mapping means for mapping data frames into a plurality of SDH virtual containers. Frame based data is incorporated directly into a synchronous virtual container without encapsulation in an intermediate protocol. A number of topologies of a frame based data channel network are possible, overlaid on the underlying synchronous transport network, including an open loop topology, a ring mode topology, and a backhaul topology.

Abstract: A frame based data communications network is interfaced to a synchronous digital hierarchy network via a plurality of frame based data port cards incorporated into a plurality of synchronous multiplexers. Each port card comprises a conventional frame based data port, a frame switch, a rate adapter means and a mapping means for mapping data frames into a plurality of SDH virtual containers. Frame based data is incorporated directly into a synchronous virtual container without encapsulation in an intermediate protocol. A number of topologies of a frame based data channel network are possible, overlaid on the underlying synchronous transport network, including an open loop topology, a ring mode topology, and a backhaul topology.

Abstract: In the situation that data switching is incorporated in a wide area telecommunications network it is advantageous to use a local area network protocol such as ethernet which allows network resources to be shared. However, this introduces a problem with respect to loops in the network and the possibility of infinite packet looping. If the known spanning tree algorithm is used to prevent infinite packet looping this is problematic because the known algorithm takes a relatively long time to take effect. An algorithm is described which is based on assumptions about the topology of the communications network and which is simpler and faster.

Abstract: A method of transmitting OSI layer 2 datacoms data by direct incorporation into a plurality of synchronous digital hierarchy virtual containers is disclosed, in which a higher bit rate OSI layer 2 data frame is multiplexed into a plurality of lower bit rate SDH (or SONET) virtual containers, which are transmitted simultaneously and in parallel over a synchronous communications network. The plurality of virtual containers are virtually concatenated by association of the payloads of the plurality of virtual containers. Re-assembly of the OSI layer 2 data frames from a plurality of virtually concatenated VCs is achieved by storing each received VC payload corresponding to an OSI layer 2 data frame in a corresponding respective memory location, and alternately reading interleaved bytes from the plurality of payloads under control of a plurality of read pointers.