Abstract: An ophthalmoscope for viewing an eye of a patient, including an optical device with a housing having a bottom window, a rear window, and a front wall including a reflective inner surface. A top wall may include a first portion, and a second portion wherein the first portion includes a reflective inner surface. A pair of side walls extends between side edges of the bottom window, the rear window, the top wall, and the front wall. The reflective inner surfaces of the top wall and the front wall are configured to direct light rays that enter the bottom window from the eye of the patient out of the rear window into the eyes of the ophthalmologist.

Abstract: A method includes measuring, continually or iteratively, positions of an exercise apparatus along a circuit, wherein the exercise apparatus is configured for cyclic movement along the circuit. A plurality of muscles of a user coupled to the exercise apparatus can be stimulated based on the position of the exercise apparatus. The exercise apparatus can be a cycling device or a rowing machine.