Abstract: Novel copolymerization products are provided by the cationic polymerization of a di-(dihydropyranyl) compound with a substituted 1,3-dioxolane or a substituted 1,3-dioxane. The copolymerization products possess improved abrasion resistance and toughness as compared with the homopolymers of the di-(dihydropyranyl) monomers. Especially useful, particularly in providing foamed polymeric materials of improved friability resistance, are the polymerization reaction products of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-methyl(3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate) and a bis-dioxolanyl or a bis-dioxanyl carbamate.

Abstract: Provided as novel compositions are: (1) unsaturated cycloaliphatic ester polyols prepared by the reaction of a monounsaturated cycloaliphatic carboxylic acid anhydride, a polyhydric alcohol and an alkylene oxide, and (2) brominated derivatives of said polyols. The brominated cycloaliphatic ester polyols of the invention are useful as flame-retarding agents and are especially suitable for use in the manufacture of flame-retarded cellular polyurethanes including flexible foams.

Abstract: Novel aromatic compounds are provided in which the aromatic nucleus has bonded thereto (1) at least one bromine or chlorine atom, (2) an amido group wherein nitrogen is bonded to at least one hydroxyalkyl group or an organic moiety bearing a hydroxyalkyl group, and (3) a hydroxyl-terminated oxyalkylated carboxylic acid ester group. The halogen-substituted aromatic amide-ester polyols of the invention are useful in imparting flame-retardancy to organic polymers normally susceptible to burning including polyurethanes such as, in particular, flexible polyurethane foams.