Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for analyzing data include: receiving data including responses, and lack thereof, for items of a cognitive test including multiple item-recall trials; processing the data using a stochastic model of a cognitive process, in which a conditional probability distribution of future states of the cognitive process depend upon a present state; and encoding a result of the processing on a non-transitory computer-readable medium for use in an assessment related to cognition; wherein the processing using the stochastic model includes representing recall or recognition of an item in the multiple item-recall trials using distinct cognitive states; and wherein the processing using the stochastic model includes adjusting separate memory storage and retrieval parameters for each of the distinct cognitive states in the modeled cognitive process to account for position of the items in each respective trial of the multiple item-recall trials.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for analyzing data include: receiving data including responses, and lack thereof, for items of a cognitive test including multiple item-recall trials; processing the data using a stochastic model of a cognitive process, in which a conditional probability distribution of future states of the cognitive process depend upon a present state; and encoding a result of the processing on a non-transitory computer-readable medium for use in an assessment related to cognition; wherein the processing using the stochastic model includes representing recall or recognition of an item in the multiple item-recall trials using distinct cognitive states; and wherein the processing using the stochastic model includes adjusting separate memory storage and retrieval parameters for each of the distinct cognitive states in the modeled cognitive process to account for position of the items in each respective trial of the multiple item-recall trials.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for analyzing data include: receiving data including responses, and lack thereof, for items of a cognitive test including multiple item-recall trials; processing the data using a stochastic model of a cognitive process, in which a conditional probability distribution of future states of the cognitive process depend upon a present state; and encoding a result of the processing on a non-transitory computer-readable medium for use in an assessment related to cognition; wherein the processing using the stochastic model includes representing recall or recognition of an item in the multiple item-recall trials using distinct cognitive states; and wherein the processing using the stochastic model includes adjusting separate memory storage and retrieval parameters for each of the distinct cognitive states in the modeled cognitive process to account for position of the items in each respective trial of the multiple item-recall trials.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for analyzing data include: receiving data including a person's responses regarding judgments of semantic similarities between items selected from a group of items falling into a same categorical level; processing the data to determine a measure of distance within a generated representation of the person's responses regarding the judgments of semantic similarities; and generating a score of degree of cognitive impairment for the person based at least in part on the determined measure of distance within the generated representation.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for analyzing data include: receiving data including a person's responses regarding judgments of semantic similarities between items selected from a group of items falling into a same categorical level; processing the data to determine a measure of distance within a generated representation of the person's responses regarding the judgments of semantic similarities; and generating a score of degree of cognitive impairment for the person based at least in part on the determined measure of distance within the generated representation.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for analyzing data include: receiving data including responses, and lack thereof, for items of a cognitive test including multiple item-recall trials; processing the data using a stochastic model of a cognitive process, in which a conditional probability distribution of future states of the cognitive process depend upon a present state; and encoding a result of the processing on a non-transitory computer-readable medium for use in an assessment related to cognition; wherein the processing using the stochastic model includes representing recall or recognition of an item in the multiple item-recall trials using distinct cognitive states; and wherein the processing using the stochastic model includes adjusting separate memory storage and retrieval parameters for each of the distinct cognitive states in the modeled cognitive process to account for position of the items in each respective trial of the multiple item-recall trials.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for mapping cognitive to functional ability include receiving data regarding assessments of a cognitive ability and assessments of a functional ability; processing the received data to generate a map of one or more cognitive processes underlying the cognitive ability to a continuous-valued measure of the functional ability; and storing the generated map on a computer-storage medium to be used by a computer device in continuous-valued assessments of the functional ability.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for mapping cognitive to functional ability include receiving data regarding assessments of a cognitive ability and assessments of a functional ability; processing the received data to generate a map of one or more cognitive processes underlying the cognitive ability to a continuous-valued measure of the functional ability; and storing the generated map on a computer-storage medium to be used by a computer device in continuous-valued assessments of the functional ability.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for analyzing data include: receiving data regarding responses, and lack thereof, for items of a brain function test comprising at least one set of item responses; processing the data using a model that combines a brain function processing construct with hierarchical Bayesian analysis to measure differences among subsets of the data, wherein the brain function processing construct is a computer-based representation of neural or psychological processes underlying performance on the brain function test; and encoding a result of the processing on a computer-readable medium to supply the result to a computer device for use in an assessment related to the brain function test.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for detection of cheating on a cognitive test. In one aspect, a method includes receiving first information concerning a person, the first information specifying the person's responses, and lack thereof, for items of a cognitive test administered to the person, wherein the cognitive test includes multiple item-recall trials used to assess cognitive impairment; analyzing the first information using a classification algorithm trained on second information concerning a group of people to whom the cognitive test has been administered, the classification algorithm generated in accordance with a first part and a second part, the first part distinguishing between cheaters and non-cheaters, and the second part distinguishing between impaired cheaters and non-impaired cheaters; and identifying, based on the analyzing, the person as a cheater requiring a verification test to confirm an initial result of the cognitive test.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for creating a cognitive function index. In one aspect, a method includes receiving first information concerning a person, the first information specifying the person's responses, and lack thereof, for components of a cognitive test administered to the person; generating a cognitive function score for the person by comparing the first information with second information concerning a group of people to whom the cognitive test has been administered; converting the cognitive function score to a value in an index comprising a range of values, wherein a first portion of the range corresponds to a cognitively impaired zone, a second portion of the range corresponds to a cognitively normal zone, and a third portion of the range corresponds to a zone of uncertainty defined by a confidence interval centered on a mid-point of the index; and providing the indexed value for the person.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for detection of cheating on a cognitive test. In one aspect, a method includes receiving first information concerning a person, the first information specifying the person's responses, and lack thereof, for items of a cognitive test administered to the person, wherein the cognitive test includes multiple item-recall trials used to assess cognitive impairment; analyzing the first information using a classification algorithm trained on second information concerning a group of people to whom the cognitive test has been administered, the classification algorithm generated in accordance with a first part and a second part, the first part distinguishing between cheaters and non-cheaters, and the second part distinguishing between impaired cheaters and non-impaired cheaters; and identifying, based on the analyzing, the person as a cheater requiring a verification test to confirm an initial result of the cognitive test.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for creating an indication of brain condition include: receiving first information concerning a person, the first information indicating presence or absence of markers for an aspect of an assessment performed for the person, the aspect occurring at least twice at respective portions of the assessment; generating an indication of brain condition for the person by comparing the first information with second information concerning a group of people for whom the assessment has been performed, where the comparing includes checking a conditional probability of finding the marker present for the aspect of the assessment in one of the portions of the assessment when the marker is present for the aspect in another of the portions of the assessment; and outputting the indication of brain condition for the person.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for creating a cognitive function index. In one aspect, a method includes receiving first information concerning a person, the first information specifying the person's responses, and lack thereof, for components of a cognitive test administered to the person; generating a cognitive function score for the person by comparing the first information with second information concerning a group of people to whom the cognitive test has been administered; converting the cognitive function score to a value in an index comprising a range of values, wherein a first portion of the range corresponds to a cognitively impaired zone, a second portion of the range corresponds to a cognitively normal zone, and a third portion of the range corresponds to a zone of uncertainty defined by a confidence interval centered on a mid-point of the index; and providing the indexed value for the person.