Abstract: The method of identity authentication at the user is provided to prove to the certificate authority that a key is owned by a user. The method can comprise selecting a certain number of keys from a set of keys of the user, obtaining a hash value of a correspondence between each key in the certain number of keys and a user identifier of the user respectively, and transmitting the obtained hash values to the certificate authority, and after receiving from the certificate authority a notification regarding a first subset of hash values, sending keys corresponding to the first subset of hash values as a first subset of keys to the certificate authority. The first subset of hash values can be selected by the certificate authority from the obtained hash values. Zero know ledge proof can be achieved with this technical solution.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and apparatuses for electronic signature. The method for electronic signature comprises obtaining a hash value of a first key created for a user and a user identifier of the user, generating a key certificate of the first key based on the obtained hash value, the user identifier and a current key, recording the key certificate on a public medium, which public medium ensures that information published thereon is not tampered with, signing a file with the first key and recording a resulting file signature and the file on the public medium, and recording the first key on the public medium only after the file is already on the public medium. With the technical solution of the disclosure, a key can be effectively utilized.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and systems for identity authentication, and a computing device and a storage medium. The method of identity authentication at the user is provided to prove to the certificate authority that a key is owned by a user. The method can comprise selecting a certain number of keys from a set of keys of the user, obtaining a hash value of a correspondence between each key in the certain number of keys and a user identifier of the user respectively, and transmitting the obtained hash values to the certificate authority, and after receiving, from the certificate authority a notification regarding a first subset of hash values, sending keys corresponding to the first subset of hash values as a first subset of keys to the certificate authority. The first subset of hash values can be selected by the certificate authority from the obtained hash values. Zero knowledge proof can be achieved with the technical solution of the disclosure.

Abstract: A computer implemented method of exchanging first valuable data at a first node for second valuable data from a second node, the method comprising the steps of: applying a first encryption to a first plurality of messages, at the first node, with a function having a commutative property, so as to create a blinded first plurality of messages; sending the blinded first plurality of messages from the first node to the second node, wherein the first valuable data is concealed in one message of the blinded first plurality of messages; receiving a blinded second plurality of messages at the first node, wherein the second valuable data is concealed in one message of the blinded second plurality of messages and the blinded second plurality of messages have been encrypted with a second encryption; in response to receiving the blinded second plurality of messages at the first node, applying a third encryption to the blinded second plurality of messages with a function having a commutative property so as to create do

Abstract: First and second devices store respective device data and private keys. The first-device data is additionally stored by the second device and by a proxy; and the second-device data is additionally stored by the first device and by the proxy. In a commitment phase, each of the first and second devices uses its respective device data, private key and a random nonce to generate a one-time first-device commitment value, which it sends to the proxy. In a checking phase, the devices communicate secret-key information to the proxy, which verifies the received one-time commitment values. In a digest phase, the proxy calculates a one-time digest, which it sends to the second device. The second device (101) then verifies the received one-time digest to authenticate the first device.

Abstract: A computer implemented method of authenticating communication between a first node and a second node, using a function of combined information obtained from at least one of the nodes, the method comprising: sending a commitment message from the first node to the second node, the message containing content based on (at least) a first part of the combined information, which content commits the first node to a first value of the function, and wherein the first part of the combined information is communicated from the first node to the second node with a delay mechanism that only allows the first part of the information to be determined by the second node after a predetermined time; and in response to receiving notification at the first node that the second node has received the message, which receipt commits the second node to the first function value.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and apparatuses for electronic signature. The method for electronic signature comprises obtaining a hash value of a first key created for a user and a user identifier of the user, generating a key certificate of the first key based on the obtained hash value, the user identifier and a current key, recording the key certificate on a public medium, which public medium ensures that information published thereon is not tampered with, signing a file with the first key and recording a resulting file signature and the file on the public medium, and recording the first key on the public medium only after the file is already on the public medium. With the technical solution of the disclosure, a key can be effectively utilized.

Abstract: A computer implemented method of exchanging first valuable data at a first node for second valuable data from a second node, the method comprising the steps of: applying a first encryption to a first plurality of messages, at the first node, with a function having a commutative property, so as to create a blinded first plurality of messages; sending the blinded first plurality of messages from the first node to the second node, wherein the first valuable data is concealed in one message of the blinded first plurality of messages; receiving a blinded second plurality of messages at the first node, wherein the second valuable data is concealed in one message of the blinded second plurality of messages and the blinded second plurality of messages have been encrypted with a second encryption; in response to receiving the blinded second plurality of messages at the first node, applying a third encryption to the blinded second plurality of messages with a function having a commutative property so as to create do

Abstract: A computer implemented method of authenticating communication between a first node and a second node, using a function of combined information obtained from at least one of the nodes, the method comprising: sending a commitment message from the first node to the second node, the message containing content based on (at least) a first part of the combined information, which content commits the first node to a first value of the function, and wherein the first part of the combined information is communicated from the first node to the second node with a delay mechanism that only allows the first part of the information to be determined by the second node after a predetermined time; and in response to receiving notification at the first node that the second node has received the message, which receipt commits the second node to the first function value.

Abstract: An embodiment generally relates to a method for displaying data. The method for displaying data includes a changeable directory module (CDM). The CDM is configured to determine a plurality of attributes for a data set. In determining a plurality of symbols, the CDM associates each symbol with a respective attribute. The CDM is configured to display an initial sequence of symbols on a navigation pane. The CDM is also configured to re-sequence the initial sequence of symbols and display the data set according to the re-sequence of symbols on a display pane.

Abstract: A method of authenticating communication between a first and second party (or node) over an insecure, high bandwidth communications network, in which the first party (C) authenticates the second party (M) using a communications protocol comprising a first communications phase through a first communications channel over the insecure, high bandwidth communications network to establish a secure mode of communications between the first and second party, followed by a second communications phase of receiving information from the second party over a second communications channel, such as an empirical channel, and enabling a user to make a human comparison of the information received from the second party with information generated by the first party thereby enabling the user to authenticate the second party in the event of the information from both parties agrees.

Abstract: A circuit protection device includes a plasma gun configured to emit an ablative plasma along an axis, and a plurality of electrodes, wherein each electrode is electrically coupled to a respective conductor of a circuit and is arranged substantially along a plane that is substantially perpendicular to the axis such that each electrode is positioned substantially equidistant from the axis.

Abstract: A power circuit protection system includes a current sensor configured to measure a first current level through a conductor of the circuit, a voltage sensor configured to measure a first voltage level across a plurality of conductors of the circuit, and a controller communicatively coupled to the current sensor and to the voltage sensor. The controller is configured to receive a first signal from the current sensor, wherein the first signal is representative of the first current level, and receive a second signal from the voltage sensor, wherein the second signal is representative of the first voltage level. Based on the first signal and the second signal, the controller is configured to determine whether to activate a first circuit protection device or a second circuit protection device.

Abstract: A power equipment protection system includes a first circuit monitoring device configured to monitor a first circuit, a second circuit monitoring device configured to monitor a second circuit that is electrically coupled to the first circuit, and a processor communicatively coupled to the first circuit monitoring device and the second circuit monitoring device. The processor is configured to receive a signal indicative of a fault from at least one of the first circuit monitoring device and the second circuit monitoring device, determine whether the fault occurred in the first circuit or in the second circuit, and if the fault occurred in the second circuit, determine whether the fault is an arc event.

Abstract: An arc containment device is presented. The arc containment device includes a shock shield further having a multiple apertures for escape of gas, the shock shield configured to surround an arc source. The device further comprises an inner enclosure having a multiple openings generally aligned with the multiple apertures, the inner enclosure configured to provide an electrical insulation base for the arc source. An outer enclosure disposed is provided around the inner enclosure, the outer enclosure configured to direct the gas to the environment outside the device.

Abstract: A power equipment protection system includes a circuit breaker, a current sensor configured to measure a current through a circuit, a light sensor configured to detect a light event, and a controller communicatively coupled to the current sensor and to the light sensor, wherein the controller is configured to determine whether the light event originated from operation of the circuit breaker.

Abstract: An energy management system manages energy consumption of managed device(s) disposed to receive energy via a meter connected to an energy supply, the energy supply. A system controller has a computer processor that instructs the managed device(s) to employ an operational mode based on the priority, the energy need, the demand state, and whether the energy consumption rate of the managed device(s) exceeds energy available from at least one of the external energy source and internal energy source.

Abstract: An ablative plasma gun includes a first portion having a first diameter and a second portion having a second diameter that is larger than the first diameter, wherein a chamber is defined by the first portion and the second portion.

Abstract: An arc transfer device for use in a switchgear includes at least one first electrical connector configured to connect the arc transfer device to a voltage supply within the switchgear, and a racking cassette. The racking cassette includes at least one second electrical connector that is configured to be electrically coupled to the at least one first electrical connector based on the racking position of the arc transfer device.

Abstract: A system for verifying the security of communications between a set of nodes via a high-bandwidth, insecure communications channel. A number of embodiments are described for enabling authenticated communication between the nodes in an environment wherein there is a high bandwidth Dolev-Yao network amongst the nodes and non-spoofable, low-bandwidth empirical channels between each pair of nodes.