Abstract: An intra-oral, nanoemulsion blend is provided that enhances liver and toxin excretion performance in mammals when orally administered. A solid powder toxin binding composition also is provided that may be used to irreversibly bind the toxins reaching the bowel so that once the toxins are excreted into the bowel, they may not be reabsorbed, and are thus eliminated. A method of administering the nanoemulsion blend and the toxin binding composition to enhance toxin excretion also is described. The nanoemulsion blend is ingestible and edible.

Abstract: Original content of an email message is verified upon receipt of the email message at a receiver mail server prior to presenting the email message to a recipient. Determination of original content is made by comparing a verification hash value to a calculated hash value of the received email message. When the verification hash value does not match the calculated hash value, an invalidity warning is presented to the recipient with an option to view the invalid email message.

Abstract: A device is illustrated for detecting particles in a fluid that can detect smaller particles without the need for added power or space and can be implemented inexpensively. The device utilizes two mirrors and a photo-diode. The housing of the photo-electric diode is machined to form one of the mirrors. The mirrors have a special positioning so that the second mirror uses the first mirror to reflect light deflected by particles back to the photo-electric diode.

Abstract: A device is illustrated for detecting particles in a fluid that can detect smaller particles without the need for added power or space and can be implemented inexpensively. The device utilizes two mirrors and a photo-diode. The housing of the photo-electric diode is machined to form one of the mirrors. The mirrors have a special positioning so that the second mirror uses the first mirror to reflect light deflected by particles back to the photo-electric diode.

Abstract: A joint for coupling corrugated or ribbed pipe segments, including helical ribbed pipe segments, end-to-end includes a segment of corrugated or ribbed pipe having a plurality of corrugations or ribs spaced axially along the segment's outer surface, a spigot portion at an end of the segment where the corrugations or ribs have been partially removed to form annular bosses, an annular gasket positioned in the spigot portion, and a cylindrical coupling positioned over the spigot portion and gasket. The outer diameter of the coupling is substantially equal to the outer diameter of the corrugations or ribs, and the inner diameter of the coupling is larger than the outer diameter of the bosses such that a gap is formed between the coupling and the spigot portion. The gasket is sized to have a radial thickness slightly larger than the gap such that the gasket forms an air-tight seal between the spigot portion and the coupling when the spigot portion and gasket are inserted into the coupling.

Abstract: A joint for coupling corrugated or ribbed pipe segments, including helical ribbed pipe segments, end-to-end includes a segment of corrugated or ribbed pipe having a plurality of corrugations or ribs spaced axially along the segment's outer surface, a spigot portion at an end of the segment where the corrugations or ribs have been partially removed to form annular bosses, an annular gasket positioned in the spigot portion, and a cylindrical coupling positioned over the spigot portion and gasket. The outer diameter of the coupling is substantially equal to the outer diameter of the corrugations or ribs, and the inner diameter of the coupling is larger than the outer diameter of the bosses such that a gap is formed between the coupling and the spigot portion. The gasket is sized to have a radial thickness slightly larger than the gap such that the gasket forms an air-tight seal between the spigot portion and the coupling when the spigot portion and gasket are inserted into the coupling.