Abstract: A photograhic camera is provided with a simple flexible shutter that is configured to bow in response to the axial focusing movement of the camera's lens in order to maintain a fixed shutter-to-lens distance as the camera's lens is focused.

Abstract: A defocused unicell photometer of the type having a positive lens element is provided with at least one diffusion zone on a portion of the lens element surface to change the directional response characteristic of the photometer in a select manner without increasing the extreme field of view of the photometer.

Abstract: A defocused unicell photometer of the type having a positive lens element is provided with at least one aspheric zone on a portion of the lens element surface to change the directional response characteristic of the photometer in a select manner without increasing the extreme field of view of the photometer.

Abstract: A multi-element photographic lens has a strongly aspheric surface formed on a strong lens element that is movable relative to the other elements along a common optical axis. The aspheric surface corrects at least the lower order aberrations contributed by the movable element thereby allowing the movement to focus the lens over a wide focus scale or object distance. Preferably, the elements are formed of plastic, the movable element is a front element, and at least one other aspheric surface is formed on a lens element.

Abstract: A unicell photometer of the photoelectric type having a single tilted plano-convex lens with a series of spaced prisms integrated with the plano surface to provide the photometer with different horizontal and vertical specific acceptance angles while simultaneously aiming the field of view of the photometer below the horizontal plane.

Abstract: An adapter for operatively coupling a reflex camera having a preprogrammed automatic cycle of operation to an optical instrument such as a microscope or telescope. The adapter includes mechanisms which permit the operator to selectively modify the preprogrammed cycle of operation for the purpose of making extended time exposures or allowing vibrations induced by the movement of a camera reflex member to subside prior to initiating film exposure.

Abstract: Apparatus for retinal photography comprising an energy supply unit, a hand lens, a foot-operated control unit, and headgear comprising an indirect ophthalmoscope combined with a camera and mounted on a helmet adapted to be worn by the photographer. The headgear is partially suspended from an overhead support by a negator spring and a cable suspension permitting universal movement. Light for examining the retina, and a bright flash of light for photography, are supplied to the headgear over a flexible fiber optics cable under the control of the foot-operated unit and synchronizing contacts on the camera.

Abstract: The subject invention provides a reflex camera having a novel means of image reflection for use in viewing an image, transmitted through an entrance pupil to said image reflection means, at an exit pupil remote from both said means and said entrance pupil.Basically, the camera of the subject invention includes an essentially flat plate having a reflective surface. The reflective surface is so formed as to provide a plurality of ellipsoidal segments extending thereover. The ellipsoidal segments are provided with common foci, whereby any light passing through said entrance pupil and impinging on any of said ellipsoidal segments will be reflected from such segment to said exit pupil. Such reflection will be independent of the direction of the light from said entrance pupil and it should be noted that the subject invention will be free of aberrations such as astigmatism and coma.

Abstract: The invention is an optical element, one version of which is useful for operating an automatic exposure control of a self-contained camera coupled to a microscope without detracting from the brightness of the magnified image to be recorded on the camera's film format. The article includes three reflecting surfaces arranged to extract a small part of the light emerging from the microscope's eyepiece and direct it into the photodetector of the automatic exposure control. A lensrefracts the light, after the third reflection, to improve the distribution of the light onto the camera's photodetector. The article is suitable for manufacture as a homogeneous molding of transparent plastic.

Abstract: A compact Galilean viewfinder, having an objective comprising a plano-convex negative de-centered front element, with its optical axis below the central axis of the finder, and an eye lens comprising a plano-convex rear element of positive power that is de-centered with its optical axis below the central axis of the finder, in which the eye lens is tilted to reduce astigmatism and bent to reduce coma.