Abstract: Clostridium difficile infects and kills 30,000-40,000 people a year in the United States. Provided herein are methods to inhibit growth and reduce the spread of C. difficile using puupehenone, a natural marine product that is excreted from some species of sponges and coral as a defense mechanism.

Abstract: Clostridium difficile infects and kills 30,000-40,000 people a year in the United States. Provided herein are methods to inhibit growth and reduce the spread of C. difficile using puupehenone, a natural marine product that is excreted from some species of sponges and coral as a defense mechanism.

Abstract: A method of treating a subject with elevated levels of peroxynitrite includes administering a therapeutically effective amount of cerium oxide nanoparticles to the subject, wherein the cerium oxide nanoparticles reduce the level of peroxynitrite in the subject.

Abstract: A method of treating a subject with elevated levels of peroxynitrite includes administering a therapeutically effective amount of cerium oxide nanoparticles to the subject, wherein the cerium oxide nanoparticles reduce the level of peroxynitrite in the subject.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods and materials that may be implemented to scavenge a potentially destructive free radical, peroxynitrite. Specifically exemplified are cerium based nanoparticles that react with and reduce peroxynitrite. The discoveries disclosed herein reveal several therapeutic uses of such peroxynitrite reactive particles.

Abstract: A method of treating a subject with elevated levels of peroxynitrite includes administering a therapeutically effective amount of cerium oxide nanoparticles to the subject, wherein the cerium oxide nanoparticles reduce the level of peroxynitrite in the subject.

Abstract: Methods and systems biomedical application of up conversion nanoparticles. Co-doped cerium oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by precipitation technique. Up conversion nano cerias are biocompatible as a biomarker with antioxidant properties. Up conversion nano cerias interact in a cell specific manner showing catalase mimetic activity. With suitable surface targeting ligands, up conversion nano cerias can be used for site selective drug delivery for the treatment of diseases like cancer.

Abstract: Disclosed in an embodiment herein is a method of treating symptoms of Clostridium difficile in a subject in need, including administering an effective amount of hydroxyproline, or derivative thereof, to the subject, wherein said hydroxyproline, or derivative thereof, inhibits growth or proliferation of Clostridium difficile, or inhibits production of toxins or neutralizes toxins of the bacterium Clostridium difficile.

Abstract: A method of treating a subject with elevated levels of peroxynitrite includes administering a therapeutically effective amount of cerium oxide nanoparticles to the subject, wherein the cerium oxide nanoparticles reduce the level of peroxynitrite in the subject.

Abstract: A synthetic catalyst providing superoxide dismutase activity consists essentially of monodispersed nanoparticles of cerium oxide having a crystal lattice containing cerium in mixed valence states of Ce3+ and Ce4+ wherein the Ce4+ valence state predominates and containing an enhanced Ce3+/Ce4+ ratio and an effective number of oxygen vacancies in the crystal lattice so as to increase catalytic efficiency. A method of making the synthetic catalyst includes dissolving hydrous Ce(NO3)3 in water so as to form a solution, stirring the solution, adding hydrogen peroxide, heating and stopping when the solution develops a light yellow color.