Abstract: An incorrect copy of a record of data can be prevented from being transmitted to a distributed ledger system. A first file can be received and can include information, in audio or video form, with a description of a subject matter of the record of data and with an authorization to transmit the copy to the distributed ledger system. The first file can be sent to a device. A second file can be received from the device and can include information that confirms that the description of the subject matter, included in the first file, is correct, and that confirms that an entity, which controlled production of the first file, has permission to authorize causing the copy to be transmitted to the distributed ledger system. The correct copy can be caused, based on a receipt of the first and the second files, to be transmitted to the distributed ledger system.

Abstract: This disclosure describes techniques for managing the replication of a secret across different regions. A secrets management system (SMS) may be used to manage replication of secrets across different regions of the cloud that are in different geographic locations. Different input mechanisms, such as an API, a UI, or a CLI may be utilized to manage the replication of secrets. In some examples, upon detection of a replication message, the SMS reads the message, identifies the secret, and performs an action involving the secret. For instance, a secret identified within the replication message is accessed from the current region, and the secret is re-encrypted using a customer specified KMS key using customer credentials. The secret is then packaged into a secret replication message. An SRS in the replicated region reads this new secret replication message, accesses the secret that was replicated, and saves the secret in the replicated region.

Abstract: In an example of a method for controlling the formation of dopants in an electrically actuated device, a predetermined concentration of a dopant initiator is selected. The predetermined amount of the dopant is localized, via diffusion, at an interface between an electrode and an active region adjacent to the electrode. The dopant initiator reacts with a portion of the active region to form the dopants.

Abstract: In an example of a method for controlling the formation of dopants in an electrically actuated device, a predetermined concentration of a dopant initiator is selected. The predetermined amount of the dopant is localized, via diffusion, at an interface between an electrode and an active region adjacent to the electrode. The dopant initiator reacts with a portion of the active region to form the dopants.

Abstract: An addressable nano-scale mechanical actuator is formed at the intersection of two nanowires. The actuator has an active region disposed between the two nanowires, which form the electrodes of the actuator. The active region contains an electrolytically decomposable material. When an activation voltage is applied to the electrodes, the material releases a gas that forms a bubble at one electrode, causing a bulging of a top surface of the actuator. The bulging may be used, via mechanical coupling, to provide mechanical actuation on a nanometer scale. The nanowires may be arranged in a two-dimensional array to provide an array of individually addressable actuators.

Abstract: An assembly for monitoring an environment includes a RFID tag and a sensing unit. The sensing unit is configured to be activated by a RF signal received by the RFID tag and to sense information regarding an environment.

Abstract: An addressable nano-scale mechanical actuator is formed at the intersection of two nanowires. The actuator has an active region disposed between the two nanowires, which form the electrodes of the actuator. The active region contains an electrolytically decomposable material. When an activation voltage is applied to the electrodes, the material releases a gas that forms a bubble at one electrode, causing a bulging of a top surface of the actuator. The bulging may be used, via mechanical coupling, to provide mechanical actuation on a nanometer scale. The nanowires may be arranged in a two-dimensional array to provide an array of individually addressable actuators.

Abstract: A multilayer memristive device includes a first electrode (410); a second electrode (405); a first memristive region (430) and a second memristive region (435) which created by directional ion implantation of dopant ions (420, 425) and are interposed between the first electrode (410) and the second electrode (405); and mobile dopants (315) which move within the first memristive region (430) and the second memristive region (435) in response to an applied electrical field.

Abstract: We disclose methods of detecting histone deacetylase activity in a mammal by administering to the mammal a compound comprising at least one atom having a nucleus detectable by magnetic resonance spectroscopy, wherein the compound is a substrate of histone deacetylase; and observing the compound or a cleavage product thereof in at least a portion of the body of the mammal by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). We also disclose methods of detecting histone deacetylase activity in a mammal by administering to the mammal a compound comprising at least one positron-emission-decaying radioisotope, wherein the compound is a substrate of histone deacetylase; and observing the compound or a cleavage product thereof in at least a portion of the body of the mammal by positron emission tomography (PET). We also disclose compounds useful as histone deacetylase substrates.

Abstract: A method of aligning first and second mating surfaces includes: generating a random or pseudo-random function; convolving the random or pseudo-random function with a spread function to produce a correlated function; forming a pattern of bi-polar material on the first mating surface based on a quantization of the correlated function; and forming a complementary pattern of the bi-polar material on the second mating surface. The complementary patterns exert a force on each other toward a desired alignment of the first and second mating surfaces. A system includes a first member having a first correlated pattern of material disposed on a first mating surface; and a second member having a second correlated pattern of material disposed on a second mating surface, wherein the second correlated pattern is complementary to the first correlated pattern. The first and second correlated patterns interact to facilitate a desired alignment of the first and second members.

Abstract: Compositions, and methods of using such compositions, having the following Formula (I) or salt, ester, or hydrate thereof, wherein R1 is Asp-Glu peotide, tert-butyloxycarbonyl, methoxyphenylacetyl, bromomethoxyphenylaceityl, fluoromethoxyphenylacetyl, (methylmethoxyphenyl)acetyl, or iodomethoxyphenylacetyl; R2 is valine with or without protecting groups), aspartale (with or without protecting groups), 1-Butyl, hydrogen, aniline, aromatic molecules, tert-butyloxycarbonyl, or fluorenyl-methoxy-carbonyl; and R3 is p-nitroaniline, 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin, fluoroethylamine, 1-amino-4-fluoromethyl-cyclohexane, 1-amino-4-fluoroethyl-cyclohexane, aniline, p-fluoroaniline, p-fluoromethylaniline, p-fluorobenzylamine, p-fluoromethylbenzylamine, 4-aminopiperidine, 4-amino-1-fluoroethylpiperidine, or 4-amino-1-fluoropropylpiperidine.

Abstract: A compound having structure I: wherein xC is selected from the group consisting of 11C, 12C, and 13C; R is selected from the group consisting of —OH, —O?R4+ wherein R4 is selected from the group consisting of Na and K, —OR3 wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of C1-8 alkyl and C1-8 alkenyl, —NH2, and NHR3; R? is selected from the group consisting of —H, —Cl, —F, —Br, and —I; R? is selected from the group consisting of —H, —Cl, —F, —Br, and —I; and R?? is selected from the group consisting of —H, —Cl, —F, —Br, —I, 18F, 19F, 75Br, 76Br, 77Br, 123I, 124I, and 131I; provided, when xC is 12C, R?? is selected from the group consisting of 18F, 19F, 75Br, 76Br, 77Br, 123I, 124I, and 131I.

Abstract: Packaged NERS-active structures are disclosed that include a NERS substrate having a NERS-active structure thereon, and a packaging substrate over the NERS substrate having an opening therethrough, the opening in alignment with the NERS-active structure. A membrane may cover the opening in the packaging substrate. In order to perform nanoenhanced Raman spectroscopy, the membrane may be removed, and an analyte placed on the NERS substrate adjacent the NERS-active structure. The membrane may be replaced with another membrane after the analyte has been placed on the substrate. The membrane may maintain the pristine state of the substrate before it is deployed, and the replacement membrane may preserve the substrate and analyte for archival purposes. Also disclosed are methods for performing NERS with packaged NERS-active structures.

Abstract: A method of forming an electrical interconnect, which includes a first electrode, an interlayer of a programmable material disposed over at least a portion of the first electrode, and a second electrode disposed over the programmable material at a non-zero angle relative to the first electrode. The interlayer includes a modified region having differing electrical properties than the rest of the interlayer, sandwiched at the junction of the first electrode and the second electrode. The interlayer may be exposed to a focused beam to form the modified region.

Abstract: An analyte stage for use in a spectroscopy system includes a tunable resonant cavity that is capable of resonating electromagnetic radiation having wavelengths less than about 10,000 nanometers, a substrate at least partially disposed within the cavity, and a Raman signal-enhancing structure at least partially disposed within the tunable resonant cavity. A spectroscopy system includes such an analyte stage, a radiation source, and a radiation detector. Methods for performing Raman spectroscopy include using such analyte stages and systems to tune a resonant cavity to resonate Raman scattered radiation that is scattered by an analyte.

Abstract: A contact lithography apparatus and a method of transferring a pattern to a surface employ deformation of a substrate for pattern transfer. The contact lithography apparatus includes a patterning tool and a substrate holder that variably retains a substrate. The substrate holder includes a plurality of retention zones. Each retention zone imparts a zone-specific retention force to the substrate that induces a deformation of the substrate toward the patterning tool. The method includes deforming the substrate. The deformation forms both an initial point of contact and a propagating contact front between the patterning tool and the substrate during pattern transfer.

Abstract: A method for forming quantum dots includes forming a superlattice structure that includes at least one nanostrip protruding from the superlattice structure, providing a quantum dot substrate, transferring the at least one nanostrip to the quantum dot substrate, and removing at least a portion of the at least one nanostrip from the substrate. The superlattice structure is formed by providing a superlattice substrate, forming alternating layers of first and second materials on the substrate to form a stack, cleaving the stack to expose the alternating layers, and etching the exposed alternating layers with an etchant that etches the second material at a greater rate than the first to form the at least one nanostrip.

Abstract: Techniques and systems for using nonlinear four wave mixing to optically measure microarrays with sample cells of biological or chemical materials. Examples of suitable microarrays include but are not limited to DNA microchips and capillary electrophoresis microarrays.

Abstract: An assembly for monitoring an environment includes a RFID tag and a sensing unit. The sensing unit is configured to be activated by a RF signal received by the RFID tag and to sense information regarding an environment.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for forming a nano-imprinted photonic crystal waveguide, comprising the steps of: preparing an optical film on a substrate; preparing a template having a plurality of protrusions of less than 500 nm in length such that the protrusions are spaced a predetermined distance from each other; heating the film; causing the template to press against the heated film such that a portion of the film is deformed by the protrusions; separating the template from the film; and etching the film to remove a residual layer of the film to form a nano-imprinted photonic crystal waveguide.